浙江省宁波市某街道常住居民新冠疫苗犹豫情况及其影响因素的横断面研究

A cross-sectional study on COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and its influencing factors among permanent residents in Fuming Community of Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province

目的 研究新冠疫苗犹豫的影响因素,分析知识、健康信念与新冠疫苗犹豫之间的相关性。方法 2022年6月21日—7月10日,通过宁波市全民健康信息平台,筛选宁波市福明街道18周岁及以上的常住居民,采用系统抽样法抽取调查对象,通过智慧公卫系统进行线上问卷调查。采用多因素Logistic回归分析疫苗犹豫的影响因素,Spearman相关分析探究知识、健康信念和新冠疫苗犹豫之间的相关性,采用Bootstrap法的中介分析探究三者之间的关系。结果 1 049名调查对象的新冠疫苗犹豫率为7.82%[95%CI(6.19%,9.44%)],18~35岁人群比36~59岁的有更高的新冠疫苗犹豫率,近两年未接种过流感疫苗的人群更有可能发生新冠疫苗犹豫,健康信念在知识对新冠疫苗犹豫的影响中起到完全中介效应作用。结论 针对不同的人群采取不同的干预措施,对提高居民健康素养、减少新冠疫苗犹豫非常重要。

Objective To study the influencing factors of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and to analyze the correlation between knowledge, health belief and COVID-19vaccine hesitancy. Methods From June 21 to July 10, 2022, permanent residents aged 18 and above in Fuming Subdistrict of Ningbo were selected through the National Health Information Platform of Ningbo City, and the survey subjects were selected by systematic sampling method,and the online questionnaire survey was conducted through the smart public health system.Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of vaccine hesitancy.Spearman correlation analysis was used to explore the correlation between knowledge,health belief and COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, and Bootstrap mediation analysis was used to explore the relationship among them. Results The COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy rate of 1,049respondents was 7.82%(95%CI 6.19% to 9.44%), people aged 18-35 were more likely to have COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy than those aged 36-59, and people who had not received influenza vaccine in the past two years were more likely to have COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. Health beliefs played a complete mediating role in the influence of knowledge on COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. Conclusion Different interventions for different populations are very important for improving health literacy and reducing vaccine.