不同生境对紫两优737类黄酮及B族维生素含量的影响

Effects of Habitats on Flavonoids and Vitamin B Contents in Ziliangyou 737

【目的】探索紫黑米品种紫两优737在不同种植季节及不同生境的黄酮及B族维生素的变化差异,进而为生产者最佳种植季节及种植地点安排、提高紫两优737生产品质提供科学依据。【方法】收集2021年4月中旬至10月中旬种植于福建12个地方的紫两优737样本,测定其花青素、黄酮、类胡萝卜素和B族维生素含量,并进行主成分分析。【结果】晚季和烟后季种植情况下,紫两优737样品中花青素、黄酮和类胡萝卜素含量明显比早季和中季高,且随海拔升高,这3种物质都有上升的趋势;总维生素含量方面,早、晚季种植比中季和烟后季种植含量高,维生素含量与海拔无明显相关关系。主成分分析表明,VB_(6)、VB_(4)、VB_(5)、花青素、黄酮和类胡萝卜素在第一主成分上有较高的载荷,这一部分体现了紫黑米中主要的营养物质。VB_(3)、VB_(8)、VB_(7)在第二主成分上有较高载荷,VB_(1)和VB_(2)则在第三主成分上有较高载荷。样品中得分最高的是宁德岚亭晚季样本,中季样本普遍得分较低。【结论】紫两优737的B族维生素含量VB_(5)、VB_(1)、VB_(6)较高;从种植季节或种植地点而言,晚季种植或光照充足、气温较低的高海拔地区种植的样本均含有较高花青素、黄酮、类胡萝卜素和B族维生素。

【Objective】 Effects of planting season and location on the flavonoids and B vitamins contents in the purple black rice Ziliangyou 737 were studied. 【Method】 Contents of anthocyanins, flavonoids, carotenoids, and B vitamins of the rice specimens collected from 12 localities in Fujian in mid-April to mid-October 2021 were determined and statistically analyzed for principal components. 【Result】 The contents of anthocyanins, flavonoids, and carotenoids in grains were significantly higher in the rice planted in the late or post-tobacco season than in the early or middle season. The contents also increased with increasing altitude of the area where the rice was cultivated. On the other hand, vitamins were more abundantly found in the rice planted in the early or late season than in the middle or post-tobacco season, but not significantly affected by elevation.VB_(6), VB_(4), VB_(5), anthocyanin, flavonoid, and carotenoids represented a greater load as the first principal components and were the major nutrients in the rice. The 2nd principal components included VB_(3), VB_(8), and VB_(7), while the 3rd principal components,VB_(1)and VB_(2). Overall, the rice planted in the late season from Lanting, Ningde received the highest score among all, while the mid-season rice tended to be low. 【Conclusion】 On B vitamins, Ziliangyou 737 contained more VB_(5), VB_(1), and VB_(6)than the others. The rice planted in late season or in areas of high altitude with sufficient sunlight and low temperature appeared to have higher contents of anthocyanin, flavonoids, carotenoids, and B vitamins.