“博古图”与“清供图”在明清时期的融合现象

The Fusion of “Ancient Map” and “Clear Supply Map” in Ming and Qing Dynasties

早期的博古图与清供图基于创作动机的不同,在内容上具有明显的区别。博古图最初以古器物图录的形式出现,主要目的是金石学家进行学术性研究以及文人、学者用于品古鉴古及好友之间的馈赠,其产生的背景完全依托于金石学的发展。清供图最初以佛前清供为主要题材,逐渐发展为包含丰富元素、富有美好寓意的摆挂画卷。明清以来,金石学、朴学兴盛,文人阶层欲在审美旨归上将自然与古意结合,于是逐渐尝试将具有学术价值的“全形拓”与自然花卉蔬果相结合,进而发展至清初,于世人看来,这种花卉与古器物的组合在内容与形式上均与传统清供图愈来愈相似。随着社会经济不断发展、市场需求相应发生变化,在内因与外因的共同作用下,此两种题材的绘画逐渐融合,在内容、图式以及名称上与最初的模式具有截然不同的面貌。

There are obvious differences in content between early Bogu diagrams and clear diagrams based on the creation motivation. The Bogu map originally appeared in the form of a catalogue of ancient artifacts. The main purpose of the Bogu Map was to conduct academic research by the litmus scientists and to provide gifts for scholars and friends. Its background was completely dependent on the development of litmus. Omen figure first omen before the Buddha as the main subjects, gradually developed to contain rich elements, endowed with good moral hang a picture. Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the science of gold and stone and the science of simplicity flourished, and the literati wanted to combine nature with ancient ideas for aesthetic purposes, so they gradually tried to combine the "holomorphic extension" of academic value with natural flowers, vegetables and fruits, and then developed to the early Qing Dynasty, the combination of flowers and ancient artifacts was more and more similar to the traditional Qing diagrams in both content and form.With the continuous development of social economy and the corresponding changes in market demand, the paintings of these two themes gradually merged under the joint action of internal and external causes, and had completely different features from the original model in content, schema and name.