食欲素受体拮抗剂治疗失眠的研究进展

Orexin receptor antagonists:a new option for insomnia

失眠是一种常见的睡眠障碍疾病,对社会和患者的日常生活有极大影响。食欲素受体广泛分布于中枢神经系统,参与睡眠-觉醒的调控,维持觉醒状态。食欲素受体拮抗剂通过减弱觉醒信号,可以缩短入睡时间,延长睡眠时长,用于治疗入睡困难或睡眠维持困难。常见不良反应有嗜睡、头痛、头晕等。与传统镇静催眠药物相比,食欲素受体拮抗剂对睡眠结构、次日日间功能、认知和记忆功能影响小,药物依赖性低,安全性高,可用于对传统镇静催眠药物无法耐受的慢性失眠患者,尤其是老年患者。

Insomnia is a common sleep disorder, which has a great impact on society and patients′ daily life.Orexin receptors are widely distributed in the central nervous system and are involved in the regulation of sleep-wake and maintenance of the waking state.By attenuating wakefulness signals, orexin receptor antagonists shorten the time to sleep and prolong the duration of sleep, which are used to treat difficulties in falling asleep or maintaining sleep.The common adverse reactions were somnolence, headache, dizziness and so on.Compared with traditional sedative-hypnotic drugs, orexin receptor antagonists have less impact on sleep structure, next-day daytime function, cognitive and memory function.These drugs have a low drug dependency and are safe for use in chronic insomnia patients that are intolerant to traditional sedative-hypnotic drugs, especially in elderly.