水产养殖环境中抗生素与重金属耐药共选择机制研究

Co-selection Mechanism of Antibiotics and Heavy Metal Resistance in Aquaculture Environment

抗生素耐药性是公认的公共卫生挑战,它的出现不仅限制了用药的选择范围,同时耐药性的传播对人体健康存在着潜在的危害。而水产养殖中常用的另一类制剂是各种金属阳离子,它们可作为营养补充剂加入饲料中以支持和保护水产品生长。而许多种类的抗生素可与金属阳离子形成复合物,这可以降低或增强抗生素活性。重要的是,越来越多的证据表明重金属驱动了细菌抗生素耐药性的发展,由于重金属可以在环境中长期稳定存在,它作为一种选择压力在抗生素耐药性的共选择和抗生素抗性基因(antibiotic resistance genes,ARGs)的传播中的作用也受到越来越多的关注。本文综述了水产养殖环境中重金属和抗生素的污染现状,重金属对抗生素活性和耐药性的影响,并总结了重金属和抗生素在细菌耐药产生过程中潜在的耐药共选择机制,最后讨论了现今研究中的不足,并对抗生素与重金属的复合污染研究进行了展望,阐明了今后水产养殖环境中耐药性综合防控治理的发展方向。

Antibiotic resistance has been a recognized public health challenge,and its emergence limits the choice of medication.At the same time,the spread of antibiotic resistance poses a potential threat to human health.Another type of additive commonly used in aquaculture is various metal cations,fed as nutritional supplements to maintain the growth of aquatic products.Many types of antibiotics can form complexes with metal cations,which can reduce or enhance antibiotic activity.Importantly,increasing evidences show that heavy metals induce the development of bacterial antibiotic resistance.Since heavy metals can exist stably in the environment for a long time,the fact of heavy metals as a selective pressure in the co-selection of antibiotic resistance and the spread of antibiotic resistance genes have also received more and more attentions.In this review,we introduced the pollution status of heavy metals and antibiotics in the aquaculture environment,the impact of heavy metals on the activity and resistance of antibiotics.We discussed the potential co-selection mechanism of heavy metals and antibiotics in the process of bacterial resistance,discussed the shortcomings in the current research and clarified the future development direction of the compound pollution of antibiotics and heavy metals,the prevention and control research in the aquaculture environment.