论老龄人口社会保障宪法规范的性质与实施

On the Nature and Implementation of the Constitutional Norms of Social Security for the Elderly

老龄人口社会保障的宪法规范基础包括社会主义建设、建立健全社会保障国家目标规定,也有尊重和保障人权、实质平等权以及发展退休制度、社会救助制度、保障社会救助权等国家任务规定。该宪法规范框架类型上归属于宪法积极规范,性质上归属于目标规范和弱行为规范。宪法积极规范的特征及其规范性质决定了其制度实施中一般实施应主要由立法机关承担,其规范实施则涉及老龄人口社会保障宪法规范的具体化,包括通过立法技术层面的规范设计实现具体化和通过宪法释义学层面的解释实现具体化。规范设计上应关注宪法规范实质内容和实现程序的具体化,解释上应基于体系解释与目的解释方法,关注国际人权公约和国际组织规定并借助比较法和国家理论,实现解释的融贯与协调。

The constitutional normative basis for social security for the elderly includes socialist construction,the establishment and improvement of national goals for social security,as well as the respect and protection of human rights,the right to substantive equality,and the development of the retirement system,social assistance system,and protection of the right to social assistance and other national tasks.The normative framework of the constitution belongs to the positive norm of the constitution in type,and belongs to the target norm and weak behavior norm in nature.The characteristics of the positive norm of the constitution and its normative nature determine that the general implementation of its system should be mainly undertaken by the legislature,and its normative implementation involves the concretization of the constitutional norms of social security for the elderly,including the implementation of the concretization through the design of norms at the legislative technical level,and the concretization through interpretation at the level of constitutional hermeneutics.In norm design,attention should be paid to the specific content of constitutional norms and implementation procedures,and in interpretation,attention should be based on systematic interpretation and purpose interpretation methods.And it is necessary to pay attention to international human rights conventions and provisions of international organizations and realize the integration and coordination of interpretation in virtue of comparative law and state theory.