谁在就读大学里的师范专业——基于1982—2019年师范生性别和城乡来源的考察

Who Are Studying in Normal Majors in Universities ?

从性别和城乡两个视角对近四十年师范生的来源情况进行考察,发现城乡男生就读师范专业的人数均在持续减少,而城乡女生就读师范专业的人数却在大幅上升,导致师范生的性别构成由以男生为主发展到以女生为主。当前,女生就读师范专业的机会是男生的数倍,师范专业中的性别比例失衡现象已非常严重。为改变这一现象,应大力提高城乡中小学教师尤其是乡村教师的工资待遇,以便吸引更多的优秀男生报考师范专业,从而平衡师范生的性别比例,保障师范生生源的多元化,从源头上提升教师队伍质量。

This paper investigates the source of normal students in the past 40 years from the perspectives of urban-rural areasand gender. The results show that the number of male students in urban and rural areas studying in normal majors has been decreasingcontinuously,while the number of female students in urban and rural areas studying in normal majors has been increasing substantial-ly,which leads to the development of the gender composition of normal students from male-dominated to female-dominated. At pres-ent,girls’ opportunities to attend normal majors are several times than those of boys,and the imbalance of gender ratio in normal ma-jors is very serious. In order to reverse this phenomenon,we should vigorously improve the salary of teachers in primary and secondaryschools,especially rural teachers,so as to attract more outstanding boys to apply for normal majors,which will balance the gender ra-tio of normal students,thus ensuring the variety of normal students and improving the quality of teachers from the source.