非法采矿罪的法教义学展开

Analysis of Legal Dogmatics of the Crime of Illegal Mining

非法采矿罪是对矿产资源的经济价值、环境价值和安全价值的破坏行为。非法采矿罪行政违法性的判断体现为一般性行政违法的判断和犯罪构成要件层面行政违法的判断。一般性行政违法是前置性出罪规定,同时具有出罪指引和规范指引的司法功能。犯罪构成要件层面行政违法判断的主要内容为行为人是否取得采矿行政许可。非法采矿罪主体处罚的边界,要综合行为人的出资情况、行为人行为时的名义、在无证采矿中的作用等客观要素,并结合行为人对无证采矿的罪过进行判断。非法采矿罪对经济价值的破坏应在现有立法和司法解释框架内进行教义学诠释,对环境价值的破坏应当从造成生态维持功能损坏方面进行判断,对安全价值的破坏宜以抽象危险犯的形式予以设定。非法采矿罪判处的刑事罚金数额应当结合行政罚款等情况进行综合判断,以否定性评价的性质差异为前提,以处罚内容的同质性为纽带,兼顾实现可能性,体现对非法采矿行为的刑事否定评价。非法采矿刑事罚金与民事赔偿金的实现方式,应依民事赔偿金的私益和公益性质进行类型化处理。

The crime of illegal mining is the destruction of the value of mineral resources in respect of economy,environmentand safety. The judgement of administrative violations of the crime of illegal mining is reflected in two aspects:the judgement of generaladministrative violations and administrative violations in crime elements. General administrative violations are pre-existing provisions ofdecriminalization,which have the non-crime function and the function of normative guiding. The main content of the judgement of ad-ministrative violations in crime elements is whether the actor has obtained the mining administrative license. The penalty boundary ofthe subject should be judged based on objective factors such as the actor’s capital contribution,the name of the actor when he acts,hisrole in unlicensed mining,etc.,as well as the actor’s culpability of unlicensed mining. The damages of the crime of illegal mining to e-conomic value should be interpreted doctrinally within the framework of existing legislation and judicial interpretation;the damages tothe ecological environment should be judged from the destruction of ecological maintenance function;the damages to the security valueshould be set in the form of abstract potential damage offense. The amount of criminal fine imposed on illegal mining crime should becomprehensively judged in combination with administrative fine,based on the nature difference of negative evaluation,taking the homo-geneity of punishment content as the link and giving consideration to the possibility of realization,so as to reflect the criminal negativeevaluation of illegal mining action. The relationship between criminal fines and damages shall be classified according to the different na-ture of damages.