国际视野下CRISPR-Cas基因编辑作物的安全评价制度研究

Study on the safety evaluation system of CRISPR-Cas gene-edited crops in international perspective

《中华人民共和国国民经济和社会发展第十四个五年规划和2035年远景目标纲要》在“强化国家战略科技力量”章节中指出,要瞄准生物育种等前沿领域,实施一批具有前瞻性、战略性的国家重大科技项目。2012年CRISPR-Cas基因编辑技术取得重大突破后,便在全球农作物品种改良和粮食安全方面发挥着重要的作用,但随后也引起了大量伦理、法律和政策方面的讨论,其中最为基础的、也是最引人关切的问题便是CRISPR-Cas基因编辑农作物的安全性评估。因此,本文聚焦CRISPRCas基因编辑农作物的安全评价制度,梳理不同国家和地区相关的立法规制,以期为我国在此领域的监管提供思路与借鉴。

In March 2021,The"Outline of the 14th Five-Year Plan and 2035 Visionary Goals for National Economic and Social Development of the People’s Republic of China"issued by the State Council of People’s Republic of China stated in the chapter"A Strategic Vision for Building Strength in Science and Technology"that a number of significant national science and technology programs targeting frontier areas such as biological breeding should be formulated and implemented.Since the breakthrough of CRISPR-Cas gene editing technology in 2012,it has played a significant role in global crop variety improvement and food security.However,it has also sparked numerous ethical,legal,and policy discussions,the most fundamental and concerning of which is the evaluation of the safety of such crops.This study will therefore examine the mechanism for evaluating the safety of CRISPR-Cas gene-edited crops and provide recommendations for the future certain regulation in China.