播期和种源对冀东地区丹参种苗质量、药材产量和品质的影响

Effects of Sowing Date and Provenance on the Seedling Quality and Yield and Quality of Salvia miltiorrhiza in Eastern Hebei Province

为确定播期和种源对冀东地区丹参种苗、药材产量和品质的影响,选择甘肃、山东、河南、陕西、河北等5个种源地的丹参,设置2019年7月28日、8月5日、8月15日、8月25日等4个播期,采用二因素随机区组试验设计,在冀东地区进行引种试验。结果表明:河南种源播期7月28日种苗根鲜质量和干物质质量最大,分别为9.75,1.90 g/株。河南种源播期7月28日的丹参药材鲜质量和干物质质量最大,分别为316.79,91.84 g/株。河南种源播期8月15日的丹参药材中丹参酮类质量分数、丹酚酸B质量分数均达到最大,分别为0.74%,5.03%。山东种源,播期7月28日的丹参药材水溶性浸出物质量分数最高,为69.98%;其次是河南种源,播期8月15日的,为62.27%;醇溶性浸出物成分符合《中华人民共和国药典》标准。播期和种源对丹参种苗质量、药材鲜质量和品质性状影响较大,冀东地区引种栽培建议选择河南种源,播期为7月下旬至8月中旬。

The introduction experiment of S.miltiorrhiza was conducted in eastern Hebei Province with a two-factor randomized group experimental design to investigate the effects of sowing date and provenance on seedling quality,and yield and quality of Salvia miltiorrhiza.Seedlings selected from Gansu,Shandong,Henan,Shanxi,and Hebei provinces were sowed on July 28th,August 5th,August 15th and August 25th.The experiment showed that the fresh and dry weight of seedlings selected from Henan provenance and sowed on July 28th was the highest,9.75 g/plant and 1.90 g/plant,respectively,and the fresh and dry weight of the S.miltiorrhiza selected from Henan provenance and sowed on July 28th was the highest,316.79 and 91.84 g/plant,respectively.The mass fraction of tanshinones and tannic acid B of S.miltiorrhiza selected from Henan province and sowed on August 15th was the highest,0.74%and 5.03%,respectively.The mass fraction of water-soluble extraction of S.miltiorrhiza selected from Shandong provenance and sowed on July 28th was the highest,followed by that selected from Henan province and sowed on August 15th.The mass fraction of alcohol-soluble extraction was higher than the pharmacopoeia standard at this condition.Therefore,the sowing time and provenance have a great influence on the quality of seedlings,and yield and quality of S.miltiorrhiza.The result showed that seedlings selected from Henan provenance are better for the eastern Hebei province,and the best sowing time should be early and middle August.