社会心理因素与交通环境对行人分心的联合影响

Combined effects of psychosocial factors and traffic environment on pedestrians’distraction

目的基于联合行为模型检验社会心理因素和交通环境对使用手机、与同行人员交谈、吃喝东西/吸烟3类行人分心的联合影响。方法采用多阶段随机抽样法抽取长沙市20个十字交叉路口作为研究现场,综合使用视频拍摄和现场问卷调查收集行人分心、社会心理因素和交通环境等数据。参照联合行为模型,从行人对不同分心的态度、主观规范、个人能动性和分心习惯等社会心理因素角度设计调查问卷。采用结构方程模型检验社会心理因素和交通环境对行人分心的联合影响。结果研究者共邀请到1974名行人参与问卷调查,其中有效问卷1741份(手机使用问卷600份、与同行人员交谈问卷660份、吃喝东西/吸烟问卷481份)。个人态度、主观规范、个人能动性、意图、分心习惯和交通环境因素共同解释行人手机使用、与同行人员交谈和吃喝/吸烟分心变异的22%、18%和23%。个人能动性、主观规范、个人态度是手机使用分心的主要解释因子,其间接效应分别为0.126、0.110和0.102(均有P<0.05);分心习惯是与同行人员交谈、吃喝东西/吸烟分心的主要解释因子,其总效应分别为0.158和0.250(均有P<0.05)。交通环境对3类行人分心的影响均无统计学意义。结论社会心理因素和交通环境共同影响手机使用、与同行人员交谈和吃喝东西/吸烟3类行人分心的发生,不同分心的主要解释因子存在差异。未来应针对不同行人分心的主要解释因子,综合采用教育、立法和工程干预以减少行人分心。

Objective The combined influences of psychosocial factors and traffic environment on three types of pedestrian’s distraction(including mobile phone use,chatting with other pedestrians,and eating/drinking/smoking)were examined based on the integrated behavioral model.Methods Multi-stage random sampling was used to select 20 road intersections in Changsha City as research sites.Video-taping and questionnaire surveys were used to collect data on distraction,psychosocial factors,and traffic environment.Based on the integrated behavioral model,we developed the questionnaire from the perspective of psychosocial factors including pedestrian’s attitudes,subjective norms,personal agency,and distraction habits towards different types of distraction.A structural equation model was used to test the combined effect of psychosocial factors and traffic environment on pedestrians’distraction.Results A total of 1974 pedestrians participated in the questionnaire survey,collecting 1741 valid questionnaires(600 for mobile phone use,660 for chatting with other pedestrians,and 481 for eating/drinking/smoking).The individual attitudes,subjective norms,personal agency,intention,distraction habits,and traffic environment accounted for 22%,18%,and 23%of the variation of pedestrian’s distraction in mobile phone use,chatting with other pedestrians,and eating/drinking/smoking,respectively.Personal agency,subjective norms,and attitudes were the main explanatory factors of mobile phone use,with indirect effects of 0.126,0.110 and 0.102(P<0.05),respectively.Distraction habits was the major explanatory factor for chatting with other pedestrians and eating/drinking/smoking,with total effects of 0.158 and 0.250(P<0.05),respectively.The influence of traffic environment on the three types of distraction among pedestrians was not statistically significant.Conclusions Psychosocial factors and traffic environment jointly affected the incidence of three types of pedestrian’s distraction,but the major explanatory factors differed across types of distraction.In the future,education,legislation,and engineering interventions should be integrated to address the major explanatory factors of distraction.