日本老年人收入演进中的分配政策变革与借鉴

The Reform and Reference of the Distribution Policy in the Evolution of the Aged Income in Japan

日本实践表明在中等收入向高收入国家发展的过程中,老年人收入水平、收入结构和收入差距呈阶段性交织演进,而养老保障、劳动工资等分配政策适时系统性、协同变革能引致收入增长更迅速、收入结构更均衡和收入差距更收敛三同步。我国面临城乡老年人收入水平不高、结构欠佳和差距较大的叠加难题。需要构建国民年金体系,优先提高农村老年人收入,提升分配公平性;加快高龄就业支持体系建设,蕴育城乡老年人收入持续增长的主要源泉;完善多层次养老金和多元化老年人收入政策体系,并协同推进人口、就业、养老等政策系统性变革。

The practice of Japan shows that in the process of developing from a middle-income country to a high-income country,the income level,income structure and income gap of the elderly have evolved in a staggered way,while timely changes in policies such as pension,employment and distribution can lead to faster income growth,more balanced income structure and convergent income gap.China is faced with the overlapping problem of low income level,poor structure and large gap between urban and rural elderly.China needs to build a national pension system to accelerate the increase of rural elderly income and improve income equity;accelerate the construction of the employment system for the elderly,and build the main source of long-term and sustainable income growth for the elderly;China also should improve the multi-level pension and diversified income policy system for the elderly,and work together to promote the reform of the population,employment,pension and income policy system.