加征关税下的跨国供应链决策及补贴策略研究

Decision-Making and Subsidy Strategy of a Multinational Supply Chain Suffered to Import Tariff

本文讨论加征关税视角下的供应链决策及补贴策略问题。基于本国制造商、分销商与国外进口零售商所组成的三级跨国供应链,分别讨论了政府不补贴、政府补贴下的供应链决策,研究加征关税和补贴对供应链的影响,并分析保持产品销售价不变补贴策略(I)、保持制造商利润不变补贴策略(II)及社会福利最大化补贴策略(III)的效应。结果表明,加征关税导致产品销售价增大和本国企业批发价、供应链各企业利润及社会福利的降低,但政府提高补贴使得产品销售价减小和供应链各企业利润增大,而社会福利随着补贴的增大先增大后减小。随着加征关税税率及补贴的增大,供应链更多地表现为补贴的作用,补贴能有效减小加征关税的影响。在较低关税税率下,策略(III)激励产品出口作用显著,但政府补贴支出过高;策略(II)相较策略(I)激励效果更显著,但补贴支出更大。在较高关税税率下,策略(II)更能激励制造商出口,策略(I)以较低的补贴支出激励制造商出口,更有利于维持国际市场稳定。

The high-quality development of manufacturing is regarded as an important part of China’s efforts to build a modern economic system.The high-quality development of manufacturing depends on the supply chain.However,the current international trade friction intensifies,which leads to the instability of the global supply chain on which enterprises depend for survival,and brings challenges to the globalization development of China’s manufacturing supply chain.The imposition of tariffs as a measure of trade protection has exacerbated trade frictions.Therefore,in the context of international trade disputes and high-quality national economic development,it is particularly important to carry out research on global supply chain’s decision-making.The decision-making of global supply chains is studied under the perspective of tariff increases.The supply chain decisions are analyzed under government non-subsidy and government subsidy for a three-stage multinational supply chain,which consists of a manufacturer,a distributor and a foreign import retailer.The impact of imposition tariff and subsidy in the supply chain is studied.The subsidy effect of three subsidy strategies is further analyzed which consist of the subsidy strategy(I)that keeps the product sales price constant,the subsidy strategy(II)that keeps the manufacturer’s profits constant,and the social welfare maximization subsidy strategy(III).The results show that imposition tariff will lead to an increase in the retail price of products and wholesale price of domestic enterprises,and a decrease in the profits of supply chain members and social welfare.However,the increase of government subsidy will reduce the price of products and improve the profits of supply chain members.Social welfare increases first and then decreases with the increase of subsidy.With the increase of tariff and subsidy,the supply chain is more affected by subsidy,which can effectively reduce the impact of tariff.The strategy(III)has a significant effect on export incentives under lower tariff rates,but government subsidy is too high.The strategy(II)has a more significant incentive effect than strategy(I),but it leads to greater spending on subsidies.The strategy(II)is more able to encourage manufacturers to export under higher tariff rates.Compared with the other two strategies,strategy(I)encourages manufacturers to export with lower subsidy expenditure,which is more conducive to maintaining the stability of the international market.The results of this paper can be used to provide theoretical support and decision-making reference for formulating subsidy policies to reduce the impact of tariffs on the supply chain.