公共部门创新中政府的元治理职能——一个理论分析框架

The Government's Functioning of Meta-governance in Public Innovation——A Frameworkof Theoretical Analysis

在政府创新或公共部门创新中,政府行使元治理职能是不可或缺的。根据协作一互动治理理论,政府在一般公共治理中行使四种基础性元治理职能,包括制度设计、框架确立、过程管理和决策主导。面对风险性和不确定性,政府在推动公共创新中需要特别关注三大特殊目标,包括(1)引入不同背景、资源和观点的参与者;(2)引导多方行动者接受创造性破坏,鼓励他们投入资源并承担创新风险;以及(3)支持公共创新的跨界扩散和传播,进一步实现其公共价值。因此,在公共创新中,政府必须采取六种互补型的元治理行动,包括建立框架、确立愿景、管理互动、资源动员、直接参与和对外联络。中国政府的党建引领、政府主导、一核多元的社会治理理念以及政府创新实践,为公共创新理论前沿的探索提供了丰富的素材。

The functioning of meta-governance for the government is indispensable for government or public innovations.In light of theories of collaborative-interactive governance,the government performs four basic functions for meta-governance,including institution designs,framework building,process management and decision domination.In facing risks and uncertainties,the government needs to pay much attention to three special goals,namely 1)introducing participants with diverse backgrounds,resources and viewpoints;2)booting multiple actors to accept creative destruction and encouraging them to input resources and bear the risks of innovations;and 3)supporting the cross-border diffusion and dissemination so as to further the public values of innovations.Therefore,the government must take six kinds of mutually complementary meta-governance actions as follows:building framework,formulating visions,managing interactions,mobilizing resources,participating directly and communicating across boundaries.The Chinese government's idea of social governance manifesting in the guidance by the Party contraction,the domination of the government,as well as multi-actor participation and collaboration and practices of boosting public innovations has provided plenty of sources for the explorations on the theoretical frontier of public innovations.