PDC钻头布齿技术研究综述

Review of PDC bit cutter arrangement technology

PDC (polycrystalline diamond compact,聚晶金刚石复合片)钻头是当今油气钻井领域的主要破岩工具,具有耐磨性高、机械钻速高和破岩效率高等优点。PDC切削齿作为切削单元,决定了PDC钻头的破岩性能。PDC钻头布齿的目的是确定每颗PDC切削齿在钻头上的空间位置,使得钻头在钻井破岩时具有优良的性能和可靠的寿命。基于不同布齿技术设计的PDC钻头在钻井过程中表现出不同的破岩性能。因此,PDC钻头布齿技术得到了国内外学者的广泛关注。现已有大量学者针对PDC钻头自诞生以来的布齿技术做了相应研究,但目前仍缺乏系统性的总结。为此,以近年来国内外关于PDC钻头布齿技术的文献为基础,总结了PDC钻头自诞生以来的布齿技术的发展历程,主要包括早期布齿阶段、经典布齿阶段和现代布齿阶段。通过对PDC钻头布齿技术发展历程的分析与总结,指出复合PDC钻头、兼容智能化PDC钻头、长寿命PDC钻头、力平衡PDC钻头、冲击与振动下PDC钻头以及特殊地层下PDC钻头的布齿技术是未来的发展趋势。研究结果可为后续的PDC钻头布齿技术研究提供一定的参考,有望推动PDC钻头布齿技术的进一步发展。

PDC(polycrystalline diamond compact) bit is the main rock-breaking tool in oil and gas drilling field, which has the advantages of high abrasion, high rate of penetration and high rock-breaking efficiency. As a cutting unit, PDC cutter determines the rock-breaking performance of PDC bit. The purpose of PDC bit cutter arrangement is to determine the spatial position of each PDC cutter on the bit,so that the bit has excellent performance and reliable life when drilling and breaking rock. PDC bits designed based on different cutter arrangement technologies show different rock-breaking performance during drilling. Therefore, the PDC bit cutter arrangement technology has been widely concerned by scholars at home and abroad. At present, a large number of scholars have made corresponding research on the cutter arrangement technology of PDC bit since its birth, but there is still a lack of systematic summary. For this reason, based on the literature about PDC bit cutter arrangement technology at home and abroad in recent years, the development process of PDC bit cutter arrangement technology since its birth was summarized, mainly including the early cutter arrangement stage, the classical cutter arrangement stage and the modern cutter arrangement stage. Through analyzing and summarizing the development process of PDC bit cutter arrangement technology, it was pointed out that the cutter arrangement technology of PDC bit in composite PDC bit, compatible intelligent PDC bit, long-life PDC bit, force-balanced PDC bit, PDC bit under impact and vibration and PDC bit in special formation represented the future development trend. The research results can provide some reference for the subsequent research of PDC bit cutter arrangement technology, and are expected to promote the further development of PDC bit cutter arrangement technology.