不同元件故障状态下滚动轴承的动态特性研究

Research on dynamic characteristics of rolling bearing under different component fault conditions

为探究局部故障状态下滚动轴承内部动态特性的差异性和相似性,以NU306圆柱滚子轴承为研究对象,利用有限元仿真软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA构建正常以及外圈、内圈和滚动体分别故障时的有限元模型,得到不同故障状态下滚动体的应力特性、振动特性及运动特性。结果表明,当滚动轴承的不同元件发生故障时,故障前端应力均会滞后,后端应力均会提前,其中外圈故障时应力的变化最大;外圈故障时滚动体在经过故障区域期间的振动加速度先减小后增大,内圈和滚动体故障时振动加速度先增大后减小;外圈和滚动体故障时滚动体的公转转速均比理论公转转速小,内圈故障时滚动体的公转转速比理论公转转速大。所构建的有限元模型可用于探究不同元件故障时滚动轴承内部的故障机理,可为进一步研究滚动轴承的承载能力和使用寿命提供有力的分析方法。

In order to explore the difference and similarity of the internal dynamic characteristics of rolling bearings under local fault conditions, taking the NU306 cylindrical roller bearing as the research object, the finite element simulation software ANSYS/LS-DYNA was used to construct the finite element models under normal, outer ring fault, inner ring fault and rolling element fault. Then, the stress,vibration and motion characteristics of rolling element under different fault conditions were obtained.The results showed that when the different components of the rolling bearing failed, the front end stress could lag, and the rear end stress could advance, and the stress change in case of outer ring fault was the largest;when the outer ring failed, the vibration acceleration of the rolling element during passing through the fault area decreased first and then increased, while when the inner ring and rolling element failed, the vibration acceleration increased first and then decreased;the revolution speed of the rolling element was lower than the theoretical revolution speed when the outer ring and the rolling element failed, while the revolution speed was higher than the theoretical revolution speed when the inner ring failed. The constructed finite element model can be used to explore the internal fault mechanism of rolling bearings when different components fail, which can provide a powerful analysis method for further research on the bearing capacity and service life of rolling bearings.