民国时期苏州的疫病流行与媒介应对——以《苏州明报》在“吴门大疫”前后的宣传报道为考察中心

The Response of Local Newspapers to Epidemics in Suzhou during the Period of the Republic of China:Focused on the Reports from Suzhou Mnigbao

民国时期,苏州时疫频发,特别霍乱横行。逢此情景,以《苏州明报》为代表的本埠报纸往往采取带有一定地方特色的宣传策略,运用丰富多样的报道形式,特别是亦正亦“邪”的两面新闻,冷峻与生动兼具、批判与引导并举的报刊评论,建构起了一个个反映疫情态势且利于凝心聚力的新闻舆论场域。由此可以说,媒介充当了疫情危机下苏州社会的观察员,充当了市民大众的教育者,充当了政府和社会各界的监督人,对帮助公众迅速了解疫情,摒弃迷信观念,推动政府实施卫生行政,促进城市社会与政府合作应对疫情,起到了一定的积极作用。

During the period of the Republic of China, Suzhou had been plagued by frequent epidemics, especially cholera. Under the circumstances, the local newspapers represented by Suzhou Mingbao often adopted the publicity strategy with certain local characteristics, and used a variety of reporting forms to construct a series of fields of news and public opinion that reflected the situation of the epidemic and guided social cohesion. In this way, the local newspapers had positive effects in helping citizens to know the epidemic situation timely and abandon superstition, and urging government to implement health administration, even in promoting cooperation between urban society and government to deal with the epidemic. In other words, the press acted as social observer, public educator and government supervisor during the epidemic.