基于基本地块养分数据的尖山农场土壤肥力变化规律分析

Analysis of Soil Fertility Change in Jianshan Farm Based on Nutrient Data of Many Basic Parcels of Land

通过对地处黑土核心区的北大荒农垦集团尖山农场有限公司各管理区基本地块土壤养分年度状况分析,获得了该地区土壤在长期人为耕作条件下的近五年养分变化规律,为今后该地区黑土地保护措施的制定和科学施肥耕作方式的改进提供理论支持。试验采用连续跟踪调查的方式,对尖山农场443个地块进行连续5年(2015-2019)的土壤养分(有机质,碱解氮,有效磷,速效钾,pH值)数据跟踪测定和土壤综合肥力指数的计算,并对各管理区土壤养分变化规律进行分别论述。结果表明,尖山农场土壤有机质含量变化趋势为上升,碱解氮含量变化趋势为下降,有效磷和速效钾含量变化趋势为波动性,且在波动中上升,pH值和土壤综合肥力指数随年份的增加呈“V”字形变化,并在波动中上升。整体看,近年来尖山农场土壤养分条件处于回升阶段,据分析土壤养分提升过程中秸秆还田、科学施肥、大型农机和免耕农机的使用起到正向的作用。

The status of soil nutrients every year were analyzed which belonged to Jianshan farm of Beidahuang agricultural reclamation group located in the core area of black soil.Under farming conditions,the change rule of soil nutrients in 5 years was obtained.Provided theoretical support for black soil protection and scientific fertilization.It was continuous tracking test,the data of443 parcels of land were measured for 5 years(organic matter,alkaline hydrolysable nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium and pH),by calculation get the integrated fertility index,and classified according to the management area.The results show that organic matter has an upward trend,alkaline hydrolysable nitrogen had a downward trend,The trend of available phosphorus and available potassium was fluctuant and increased.On the whole,the soil nutrients of Jianshan farm were getting better.Because of straw returning,scientific fertilization,the use of large-scale agricultural machinery and the use of no tillage agricultural machinery.