国家级全面创新改革试验区建设的经济效应:制度红利与传导机制

The Economic Effect of National Comprehensive Innovation Reform Pilot Zone Construction:Institutional Dividends and Transmission Mechanism

作为新时期全面深化改革的重要制度探索,全面创新改革试验区承担着国家改革重任,对激发创新驱动活力和内生增长动力具有重要意义。以全面创新改革试验区设立为准自然试验,采用双重差分法分析全面创新改革的经济效应。研究发现:全面创新改革试验区建设显著推动了地区经济增长,且随着时间推移促进效应不断增强,该结论在工具变量估计等多种稳健性检验下依然成立。机制研究结果表明,试验政策的经济效应主要通过创新驱动效应、结构优化效应和资源配置效应等传导机制实现,其中,结构优化效应较弱。进一步研究发现,制度红利在政府效率和要素市场配置水平较高的试验区表现更显著。因此,应深化新一轮全面创新改革试验,结合地区产业结构和创新资源禀赋扩大试验范围,推动形成政府与市场协同互促的创新激励体制,持续释放全面创新改革的制度红利。

Reform and innovation are the driving force and sources of high-quality economic development.Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,the Party and the state have focused on comprehensively deepening reform in order to eradicate institutional malpractices and deep-seated conflicts of interests in many economic and social fields,and continued to release institutional dividends in key links.As an important institutional exploration for the Party Central Committee’s efforts to comprehensively deepen reform in the new era,the pilot zone for comprehensive innovation reform undertakes major national reform and development strategic tasks,which is of great significance in stimulating innovation-driven vitality and endogenous growth drivers.To this effect,can comprehensive innovation reform effectively boost regional economic growth and become a new driving force for high-quality development?This is the problem this paper aims to answer.At present,there are still some deficiencies in the academic research on the above problem,which are mainly reflected in the following aspects:first,there is a lack of discussion on the economic effect of the national comprehensive innovation reform pilot zone from the macro level;second,existing researches have not clarified the transmission channels of innovation system reform affecting economic growth,and the relevant mechanism has not been systematically explained theoretically and tested empirically;thirdly,the endogeneity problem has not been well solved.In order to explore the economic effect and transmission mechanism of the comprehensive innovation reform pilot zone,this paper uses the difference-in-differences model to conduct the research through panel data in 254 cities in China from 2011 to 2018.The results show that firstly the construction of the experimental area significantly promotes regional economic growth,and it has been strengthened with the passage of years,the results are significant through the robustness test of instrumental variable estimation,propensity score matching difference method and nighttime light intensity substitution method.Secondly the economic effects of experimental policies are mainly realized through transmission mechanisms such as innovation-driven effect,structural optimization effect and resource allocation effect,among which the structural optimization effect is relatively weak.Further research shows that the above system dividends are stronger in the experimental areas with higher government efficiency and market allocation of factors.This paper explores the mechanism of innovation system reform and economic growth from the perspective of comprehensive innovation reform,and it expands the literature related to policy evaluation of innovation reform.Then focusing on the institutional dividend of comprehensive innovation reform to the economic effect,it examines the transmission mechanism of the economic effect of comprehensive innovation reform from the perspective of innovation-driven,structural optimization,resource allocation and other transmission channels,and explores the effect of government efficiency and market-oriented allocation of factors from the perspective of effective government and efficient market.In addition this paper identifies and evaluates the economic effects of comprehensive innovation reform by using the differential difference method,and combines multiple robust strategies,such as instrumental variable estimation and substitution of night light intensity,to identify the policy effects more accurately.The results have the following policy implications.(1)In order to deepen a new round of comprehensive innovation reform experiments to stimulate new drivers of economic growth,this paper proposes to grant greater autonomy and deepen a new round of pilot comprehensive innovation reforms in prefecture-level cities with a sound economic foundation and abundant talents for innovation.(2)Combining the regional industrial structure and innovation resource endowment,the goverment should promote the formation of a collaborative and interactive innovation reform path between scientific and technological innovation and industrial upgrading.Local governments should promote the comprehensive innovation reform and upgrading of industrial structure and high-quality development of the real economy in the virtuous cycle with the consideration of regional industrial structure and innovation base.(3)It is essential to adhere to the dual drive of scientific and technological innovation and institutional innovation,and promote the formation of an innovation incentive system that enables the government and the efficient market to work in concert and mutually promote each other,and continue to release institutional dividends of comprehensive innovation and reform to stimulate new drivers of growth.