普惠化财政科技支出与企业创新绩效:作用效应与中介机制

Inclusive Fiscal Technology Expenditure and Enterprise Innovation Performance:The Effect and Mediating Mechanism

普惠化财政科技支出能否有效提升企业创新绩效?深入认识这一问题,有助于优化区域财政科技支出资源配置模式并提升创新水平。基于2009—2019年我国内地30个省级层面数据研究发现,普惠化财政科技支出对企业创新绩效的影响呈“U”型特征,中部地区受益明显,而东部地区所受影响甚微,西部地区反受其害。企业加强合作研发可正向调节普惠化财政科技支出在创新链前端和后端环节的驱动作用,加强内部研发有利于普惠化财政科技支出在创新链前端环节发挥驱动作用。但企业合作研发强度并非越高越好,超过一定限度反而不利于普惠化财政科技支出发挥创新驱动效应,而内部研发要素包括基础设施、人员及开发经费,其投入强度必须高于一定门槛,才能促进普惠化财政科技支出发挥作用。由此,在当前各地创新实践中,随着区域研发强度提升,应适时提升普惠化财政科技支出水平,尤其是中部地区。同时,为有效激发普惠化财政科技支出的创新驱动效应,各地应引导企业提升研发强度并优化资源配置。

Can the inclusive fiscal technology expenditure effectively improve the innovation performance of enterprises?An in-depth understanding of this problem will help to improve the allocation mode of regional fiscal technology expenditure resources and enhance the level of innovation.Meanwhile the impact of inclusive fiscal technology expenditure on corporate innovation performance may have certain nonlinear characteristics.Thus this paper intends to deeply analyze the complex relationship between the inclusive fiscal technology expenditure and the corporate innovation performance,and explore the mediating mechanism of corporate R&D intensity on the relationship between the two factors.The benchmark model and the threshold model are respectively constructed to explore the impact of inclusive financial technology expenditure on corporate innovation performance.Firstly,the corporate innovation activities are dynamic in practice,and the past innovation performance has an inertial impact on current innovation,so this study uses the system GMM model to carry out benchmark model regression analysis.The modeling steps in this part are to examine the direct effect of inclusive financial technology expenditureon enterprise innovation performance through a linear model,and analyze it from the perspective of regional heterogeneity;then the quadratic term of the index of inclusive fiscal technology expenditure is incorporated into the model,and its nonlinear effect on enterprise innovation performance is examined.The factors of enterprise R&D are integrated into the analysis framework,to investigate the moderating effect of R&D intensity on innovation driven by the inclusive fiscal technology expenditure.Secondly,the development and change of the level of R&D intensity of enterprises in different regions may change the effect of inclusive fiscal technology expenditure on the innovation performance of enterprises.In order to clarify the above-mentioned influence mechanism,this paper takes the intensity of cooperative R&D and the intensity of internal R&D factors as the threshold variables,and takes the inclusive fiscal technology expenditure as the core explanatory variable.On the basis of the data of 30 provincial levels in China from 2009 to 2019,it is found that the impact of inclusive fiscal technology expenditure on enterprise innovation performance is"U"shaped,and relatively speaking,it is more conducive to the improvement of front-end innovation performance of enterprises.In the drive of scientific and technological innovation by the inclusive fiscal technology expenditure in different regions,the study finds that the central regions benefit significantly,while the eastern regions are hardly influenced,and the western regions suffer from it.By strengthening cooperative R&D,it can positively moderate the innovation driving effect of inclusive fiscal technology expenditure on the front-end and back-end enterprise innovation performance,while it is more conducive to the innovation driving effect of inclusive fiscal technology expenditure on front-end innovation performance by strengthening the internal R&D.However,higher R&D intensity of cooperation does not always bring better performance,when the cooperative R&D is higher than a certain limit,it is not conducive to the innovation driving effect of inclusive fiscal technology expenditure,and the investment intensity of internal R&D elements,including infrastructure,personnel and development funds,must be higher than a certain threshold in order to give full play to the innovation driving effect of inclusive fiscal technology expenditure.Therefore with the improvement of regional R&D intensity,it is necessary to timely improve the inclusive level of fiscal technology expenditure,especially in the central regions;at the same time,in order to effectively stimulate the inclusive effect of technology finance,the government should guide enterprises to improve R&D intensity and optimize resource allocation structure.On the basis of the previous focus on the competitive financial technology support model and its allocation intensity,this paper innovatively analyzes the complex impact of the inclusive fiscal technology support model on the innovation performance of enterprises,and discusses the enterprise R&D threshold conditions for effectively undertaking the inclusive resources of fiscal science and technology expenditure from the perspective of enterprises.This is quite different from the previous studies on how to optimize the mode and intensity of financial technological support to meet the needs of enterprises from the perspective of policy supply.