无动力海面移动观测平台特点、进展与发展趋势分析

Characteristics,Progress and Development Trend Analysis of Unmotivated Sea Surface Drifting Observation Platform

本文以表层漂流浮标、漂流式波浪浮标和漂流式海气界面浮标为代表介绍了无动力海面移动观测平台的观测需求、特点、最新进展和发展趋势。无动力海面移动观测平台除具备重量轻、体积小、随波性好等特点外,相比其他观测平台最大的优势在于成本低、实时性强,可有效弥补定点观测在全球大洋空间分辨率的不足。随着海洋与气象环境观测传感器的自动化、小型化和低功耗化,尤其是在可再生能源供应和卫星数据通讯技术的支撑下,这一类型平台观测能力的可拓展性非常强。除可直接开展海洋环境声学、光学和电磁学要素的观测外,还可成为海洋化学、海洋生物、海洋地质等海洋学科的专属平台,并具备海上目标探测识别能力。随着无动力海面移动平台观探测能力的不断提高、使用成本的降低和快速投放技术的发展,此类平台在海洋观探测领域尤其是深远海区域观探测快速响应方面将有非常广阔的应用前景。

Taking surface drifting buoy,drifting wave buoy and drifting air sea interface buoy as representatives,this paper introduces the observation demand,characteristics,latest progress and development trend of unpowered sea surface drifting observation platform.In addition to the characteristics of light weight,small volume and good wave-following,the unmotivated sea surface mobile observation platform has the greatest advantages of low cost,high precision and strong real-time compared with the other observation platforms.Along with the automation,miniaturization and low-power consumption of marine and meteorological environment sensors,especially under the support of renewable energy supply and satellite data communication technology,the scalability of the observation capabilities of this type of platform is very strong.Aside from direct observation of acoustic,optical,and electromagnetic elements of the marine environment,it can also be an exclusive or a comprehensive observation platform for marine disciplines such as marine chemistry,marine biology,and marine geology,and can have the ability to detect and recognize marine targets.With the improvement of unmotivated sea surface drifting platform observation and detection capabilities,the reduction of operating costs and the development of rapid deployment technologies,such platforms will have very broad application prospects in the field of ocean observation and detection,especially in the rapid response of deep ocean area observation detection.