山东沿海生态系统服务协同与权衡的空间格局及驱动力

Spatial Pattern and Driving Forces of the Synergy and Trade-off of Ecosystem Services in the Coastal Areas of Shandong

提升区域生态保护效能,可为区域生态治理科学决策提供政策依据,以山东省沿海地区为研究区,使用InVEST模型和CASA模型测度产水服务、土壤保持、植被固碳和生物多样性的时空演变,借助差异比较法探究生态系统服务协同权衡的时空分异机制,进一步利用多尺度地理加权回归(MGWR)剖析了自然因素和人类活动因素对协同权衡的影响。结果表明:(1) 2018年研究区产水服务、生物多样性的均值为605.27 mm/a, 0.28,2010—2018年总量递增速率分别为0.21 mm/a, 0.23;土壤保持、植被固碳的均值为0.000 73 t/(hm^(2)·a),537.56 gC/(m^(2)·a),2010—2018年总量递减速率分别为0.62 t/(hm^(2)·a),2.1 gC/(m^(2)·a)。(2) 2010—2018年,生态系统服务的协同权衡具有显著的空间异质性,产水服务分别与土壤保持、生物多样性表现为强权衡弱协同;植被固碳分别与产水服务、土壤保持、生物多样性表现为强协同弱权衡。(3)产水服务、土壤保持、植被固碳三者存在显著相关性,受坡度、高程、日照时数等自然因素的影响大于人类活动因素的影响,其正负性和强度具有空间异质性。其余因子的解释力度较小且不固定,各项因素动态且综合影响协同权衡的变化。总之,研究区内4种生态系统服务之间协同与权衡具有显著的空间异质性,且影响因素的正负性和强度也具有空间异质性,研究结果可为山东省沿海地区生态治理提供参考。

In order to improve the efficiency of regional ecological protection and provide policy basis for scientific decision-making on regional ecological governance, we used the coastal area of Shandong Province as the research area, used the InVEST model and the CASA model to measure the temporal and spatial evolution of water production services, soil conservation, vegetation carbon sequestration, and biodiversity, and used the difference comparison method to explore the temporal and spatial differentiation mechanism of ecosystem service synergy trade-offs, and further used multi-scale geographic weighted regression(MGWR) to analyze the influence of natural factors and human activity factors on synergy trade-offs. The results showed that:(1) in 2018, the average values of water production services and biodiversity in the study area were 605.27 mm/a and 0.28, and the total increasing rates from 2010 to 2018 were 0.21 mm/a and 0.23, respectively;soil conservation and vegetation carbon sequestration were 0.000 73 t/(hm^(2)·a) and 537.56 gC/(m^(2)·a), and the total deceleration rates from 2010 to 2018 were 0.62 t/(hm^(2)·a) and 2.1 gC/(m^(2)·a), respectively;(2) during the study period, the synergy of ecosystem services had significant spatial heterogeneity;water production services and soil conservation and biodiversity showed strong trade-offs and weak synergy;vegetation carbon sequestration was associated with water production services and soil conservation;biodiversity showed strong synergy and weak trade-offs;(3) there was a correlation among water production services, soil conservation, and vegetation carbon sequestration, which was more affected by natural factors such as slope, elevation, and sunshine hours than human activities, of which positive and negative characteristics and intensity were spatially heterogeneous;the interpretation of the other factors was relatively small and not fixed, and each factor was dynamic and comprehensively affected the changes in the synergy trade-off. In conclusion, the synergy and trade-off of the four ecosystem services in the study area had significant spatial heterogeneity, and the positive and negative factors and intensity of the influencing factors were also spatially heterogeneous, and the results can provide a reference for ecological governance in coastal areas of Shandong Province.