理论负载与实验分层

Theory-laden and Levels of Experiments

理论与实验的关系问题是对科学实验进行哲学研究的一个核心命题。实验是“理论负载”的还是“不受理论约束”的,这是通过研究理论在科学实验中的作用来说明理论与实验的关系问题的重要争论。海德伯格对“理论负载”概念的三种含义进行辨析,也把实验分为较低的因果性层面和较高的理论层面来说明实验中的“理论负载”和“不受约束”的具体情形,通过实验分层的方式有助于解决理论与实验的关系问题,但是这种方式可能存在限制我们对科学实验中丰富性认识的局限性。

The relationship between theory and experiment is a core issue of philosophy in scientific experiments. Whether experiments are “theory-laden” or “theory-free” is an important debate in regard to the relationship between theory and experiment by studying the role of theory in scientific experiments. Heidelberg once analyzed three meanings of the concept “theory-laden”, and he classified experiments into a lower causal level or a higher theoretical level to explain specific situations of “theory-laden” or “theory-free”. This paper argues that the levels of experiments are helpful to solve the problem of the relationship between theory and experiment, but this method may have limitations that limit our understanding of the richness of scientific experiments.