农村益贫增长与共同富裕:成就、挑战和启示

From Pro-poor Growth to Common Prosperity:Achievements and Challenges

本文旨在评估我国农村近十年来的收入增长是否益贫并呈现共享发展特征,这对识别中长期内我国迈向共同富裕进程中将面临的成就与挑战具有重要的参考价值。为此本文利用CHIP2013—2018年农村样本和国家统计局五分组数据,测度农村的益贫增长指数和共享发展指数。研究显示,“十三五”时期我国农村居民收入增长呈现严格益贫特性,低收入农户收入增速快于社会平均增速。然而,新冠疫情等不利因素冲击了农村低收入群体,导致2020年后益贫特性暂时消失。基于共享发展指数的测度结果也印证了上述发现。进一步分析表明,“十三五”时期低收入群体的造血能力持续提升,通过其工资性和转移性收入的快速提升,分享了经济发展成果。上述结论在展现成就的同时,也揭示了技术变革与全球范围不利发展格局对实现共同富裕的全新挑战。本文认为,下一阶段我国仍要继续积极探索有效“提低”路径,以益贫增长和共享发展理念持续推动共同富裕。

This paper empirically evaluates whether the pro-poor growth occurred in rural China during the past decade.The paper employs the CHIP 2013-2018 datasets and the grouped income data from National Bureau of Statistics of China to assess the pro-poor growth and share prosperity.The paper finds the evidence of strict pro-poor growth during the 13th Year-Plan period.However,the COVID-19 pandemic and other adverse factors have hit rural low-income groups,leading to temporary disappearance of the effect after 2020.The shared prosperity index verifies the above results.Furthermore,analysis shows that low-income groups shared economic prosperity mainly through the rapid growths in salaries and government transfers.Such finding also highlights challenges raised by technological change and unfavorable global relationship,bringing more income uncertainty to low-income rural households.To effectively address these challenges,China has to explore an innovative path towards common prosperity with more emphasis on pro-poor development and shared growth.