建立现代企业制度的理论探索——中国20世纪90年代的企业改革思想

The Theoretical Exploration of the Establishment of a Modern Enterprise System--The Economic Thought of the Reform of the SOEs in China in the 1990s

从公司治理结构的角度来看,20世纪90年代以“建立现代企业制度”为目标的国有企业改革实践,重心在于“两权分离”中的“经营权”一侧,其核心是处理股东和董事会之间、董事会和总经理之间的“委托—代理”关系。这一时期,中国逐步告别“短缺经济”,市场供需力量逆转,使得国有企业原有的经营机制缺陷愈加凸显,亏损愈益严重,客观上为加快建立现代企业制度提供了契机。理论探索和改革实践都表明,建立现代企业制度既要围绕“产权明晰”做文章,同时也必须营造一个各类企业公平竞争的市场环境。以“京伦会议”为代表的一系列企业理论和国有企业改革国际研讨会,不仅对当时的国有企业改革实践产生了重要影响,同时也将企业理论、产权理论、公司治理等微观经济学领域的最新进展在中国经济学界传播开来,推动了中国经济学研究的发展。

From the point of corporate governance,in the reform of the state-owned enterprises(SOEs)aiming at‘the establishment of a modern enterprise system’in 1990s in China,the focus was on the power of management between"the separation of the ownership and the management power".The central issue in the SOEs reform was to handle the"principal-agent relationship"between the shareholders and the board of directors,and between the board of directors and the chief executive officers(CEOs).During those years,China began to pull out of"shortage economy"and the market power of supply and that of demand swapped positions each other.Consequently,the inherent deficiencies of the management mechanisms of the SOEs were highlighted,and more and more enterprises had experienced increasingly heavy losses.These situations of the SOEs offered the chance to expedite the establishment of a modern enterprise system.Both the theoretical exploration and the practice of the reform proved that in order to establish a modern enterprise system,not only"clearly defined property rights"but a fair competition market order are also required.Along with other international conferences on firm theory and the reform of SOEs,the Jinglun Conference had a great influence on the practice of the reform of the SOEs,meanwhile introduced the newest theories in microeconomics such as firm theory,property rights theory and corporate governance to Chinese economists and promoted China's economic research.