海底大型垃圾对海洋生物的影响及其潜在生态效应

Effects of seafloor macrolitter on marine organisms and its ecological impacts

海底大型垃圾是海洋垃圾的重要组成部分,但目前关于海洋垃圾的研究主要集中于漂浮垃圾,而针对海底大型垃圾的研究较少。海底大型垃圾通常不易分解和迁移,这使其不仅能直接改变海洋环境和底质,还能通过影响海洋生物生存与生长进而威胁海洋生态系统健康。本文从定殖、缠绕、围困和摄食等4个角度系统地总结了目前海底大型垃圾对海洋生物的影响及其潜在生态效应的研究现状及进展,并对未来研究方向进行了展望。本文旨在从生物角度客观、全面地综述海底大型垃圾对底栖海洋生态系统的影响,以期为评估海底大型垃圾对海洋生物多样性的作用机制,及海底大型垃圾综合管控与治理提供科学依据。

Seafloor macrolitter has been recognized as a major part of marine litter,while it is the least investigated fraction of marine litter.Seafloor macrolitter is not biodegradable and transferable.Therefore,it can directly alter the marine environment and bottom sediment,and indirectly threat the health of marine ecosystem by impacting the survival and growth of marine organisms.This study retrospected the studies on the ecological impacts of seafloor macrolitter from the perspective of colonization,entanglement,encirclement and ingestion,and pointed to future developments that are required to address the estimation of seafloor macrolitter.Knowledge of this study could provide scientific support for the evaluation of potential impacts on marine biodiversity,as well as the monitor and management of seafloor macrolitter.