海洋有色金属矿产地球物理勘探进展

Research progress of geophysical exploration in marine minerals deposits

随着对海洋矿物资源的勘探研究,人们意识到多金属结核、富钴结壳和多金属硫化物等是具有战略意义的海洋有色金属矿产。近年来,随着地球物理勘探技术的发展,勘探深度逐渐从浅海过渡到深海,加深了人们对深部有色金属资源的认识,深海有色金属资源逐步成为世界各国关注的热点。近十年来,我国在深海矿产资源领域的研究取得了一系列的重要进展。首先,本文主要介绍国内外海洋有色金属矿产的勘探现状,并且在原理基础、正反演技术方法等方面回顾了适用于深海环境的地球物理勘探方法的发展。然后,结合我国在太平洋的多金属结核勘探区、富钴结壳勘探区和在西南印度洋中脊的多金属硫化物矿勘探区的研究进展,归纳了海洋有色金属矿产的地球物理勘探方法及实例分析。

With the exploration and research of marine mineral resources, people realize that polymetallic nodules,cobalt-rich crusts, and polymetallic volcanogenic massive sulfides are strategic marine non-ferrous metal minerals.In recent years, with the development of geophysical exploration technology, the exploration depth has gradually transitioned from shallow to the deep sea, which has deepened people’s understanding of deep non-ferrous metals.And deep-sea non-ferrous metal resources have gradually become a hot spot of concern for all countries in the world. In the past decade, China has made a series of important progresses in the research of deep-sea mineral resources. First, this paper mainly discusses the exploration status of marine non-ferrous metal minerals at home and abroad, and reviews the development of geophysical exploration methods applicable to deep-sea environments in terms of principle basis, forward and inversion methods. Then, we also review China’s research progress of the geophysical exploration methods and case studies in the exploration areas, including polymetallic nodules in the Pacific Ocean, cobalt-rich crusts, and polymetallic sulfides in the Southwest Indian Ridge.