油莎豆基因组大小、倍性和系统发育分析

Genome Size,Ploidy and Phylogeny of Cyperus esculentus L.

为明确黄淮地区油莎豆主栽品种和特色种质资源的基因组特性及与其近缘类群的系统发育关系,利用流式细胞仪和基因组Survey分析对6个油莎豆材料基因组大小、倍性进行评估,并基于核糖体DNA的外转录间隔区(External transcribed spacer,ETS)和内转录间隔区(Internal transcribed spacer,ITS)序列分析其与近缘类群间的系统发育关系。流式细胞仪分析结果表明,6个油莎豆材料基因组在0.8086~0.8585 Gb,均值为0.8264 Gb;基因组Survey分析结果表明,3种粒型油莎豆材料豫油莎2号、豫油莎3号、YYS-4的基因组大小、重复序列占比、GC含量、杂合率分别为0.6979 Gb、81.02%、34.7%、0.28%,0.7787 Gb、84.45%、36.4%、0.08%,0.7906 Gb、83.75%、34.9%、0.19%;基因组Survey分析和花粉粒染色结果显示,3种粒型油莎豆材料均为三倍体。系统发育分析结果显示,6个油莎豆材料聚为油莎豆分支,该分支与香附子和头状穗莎草构成的分支形成亲缘关系较近的姐妹群,并与其余的C4植物(碎米莎草、长尖莎草等)构成C4植物分支。

In order to clarify the genome characteristics of the main varieties and characteristic germplasm of Cyperus esculentus L.in the Huang Huai region and the phylogenetic relationship between them and their related species,the genome size and ploidy of six C.esculentus L.materials were evaluated by flow cytometry and genome survey analysis,and the phylogenetic relationship between them and their related groups was analyzed based on the sequences of the external transcribed spacer(ETS)and internal transcribed spacer(ITS)of ribosomal DNA.The results of flow cytometry analysis showed that the genomes of six C.esculentus L.materials were 0.8086—0.8585 Gb,with an average of 0.8264 Gb;the results of genome survey analysis showed that the genome size,proportion of repetitive sequences,GC content and heterozygous ratio of the three tuber types of C.esculentus L.were 0.6979 Gb,81.02%,34.7%and 0.28%for Yuyousha 2,0.7787 Gb,84.45%,36.4%and 0.08%for Yuyousha 3,and 0.7906 Gb,83.75%,34.9%and 0.19%for YYS‐4,respectively;genome survey analysis and pollen staining results showed that the three tuber types of C.esculentus L.were triploid.Phylogenetic analysis showed that six C.esculentus L.were clustered into C.esculentus L.branch,this branch was closely related to the branch composed of C.rotundus L.and C.glomeratus L.,they formed sister group,and formed C4 plant branch with C.iria L.,C.glomeratus L.and C.cuspidatus H.B.K.