中药汤剂中的微粒研究进展

Research progress of microparticles in traditional Chinese medicine decoction

汤剂是中药传统剂型,在其煎煮过程中各种复杂成分产生物理相互作用和化学反应,其中物理相互作用包括范德华力、氢键、静电作用、π-π堆积等,化学反应包括美拉德反应、氧化反应、水解反应、降解反应、聚合反应等。化学反应产生的新物质和原有成分可进一步产生作用。这些作用成为汤剂中微粒形成的基础。微粒粒径范围从纳米到微米,多由多糖、蛋白质构成基质,包裹水不溶性分子,可增加难溶性成分的分散程度和不稳定成分的稳定性,以及降低易挥发成分的挥发和毒性成分的毒性,最终获得高效吸收和降低毒性的目的。本文从汤剂煎煮过程中的物理变化和化学反应的角度阐述汤剂中的微粒形成机制,阐述微粒的研究方法,分析微粒中成分和成分间相互作用,进而说明传统中药汤剂的药效特点,为中国汤剂现代化提供基础。

Decoction is a classical dosage form of traditional Chinese medicines.In the process of decocting,various complex components produce physical interactions and chemical reactions,among which physical interactions include van der Waals force,hydrogen bond,electrostatic interaction,π-πstacking,etc.,and chemical reactions include Maillard reaction,oxidation reaction,hydrolysis reaction,degradation reaction,polymerization reaction,etc.New substances and original ingredients from chemical reactions can be further activated.These effects form the basis of particle formation in the broth.The sizes of the particles in decoctions range from nanoscale to micron scale,mostly composed of polysaccharide,protein matrix,wrapped in water insoluble molecules,can increase the dispersion of insoluble components and the stability of unstable components,as well as reduce the volatile components and toxic components of volatile components,and ultimately achieve the purpose of efficient absorption and toxicity reduction.From the angle of physical change and chemical reaction in the process of decoction,this paper expounds the formation mechanism of particles in decoction,expounds the research method of particles,analyzes the components in particles and the interaction between components,and then explains the pharmacodynamic characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine decoction,which provides the foundation for the modernization of Chinese decoction.