冷喷涂增材制造技术研究现状及应用与挑战

Research Status,Application and Challenges of Cold Spray Additive Manufacturing Technology

冷喷涂增材制造技术是一种固态增材方法,其依靠粉末颗粒塑性变形形成结合,增材构件几乎没有氧化、相变及晶粒长大、裂纹等缺陷,较低的沉积温度对基体热影响较小,同时具有增材效率高和制造大构件等优势,已受到多个国家研究团队的关注,被认为是一种强大而有用的增材制造及增材修复技术。鉴于目前冷喷涂增材制造技术受到各国学者和工业界越来越多的关注,本文试图在阐述冷喷涂设备的基础上,总结典型冷喷涂沉积体(Cu、Al、Ti及Ta等材料)组织结构与性能,重点介绍冷喷涂增材制造技术在国防领域的应用和新进展。同时,也指出了目前冷喷涂增材制造技术存在的挑战。最后对冷喷涂增材制造技术发展尚存的问题与发展方向进行了展望。

Cold spray additive manufacturing technology is a solid-state additive manufacturing method that relies on the plastic deformation of powder particles to form bonds.The additive components have almost no defects such as oxidation,phase transformation,grain growth,cracks,etc.The lower deposition temperature has little effect on the heat of the matrix,and has the advantages of high additive efficiency and the manufacture of large components.It has attracted the attention of many national research teams and is recognized as a powerful and useful additive manufacturing and additive repair technology.In view of the increasing attention of scholars and industry in various countries to the cold spraying additive manufacturing technology,this paper attempted to summarize the microstructure and properties of typical cold spraying deposits(Cu,Al,Ti,Ta and other materials)on the basis of describing the cold spraying equipment,with emphasis on the application and new progress of cold spraying additive manufacturing technology in the field of national defense.At the same time,the challenges of cold spraying additive manufacturing technology were also pointed out.Finally,the remaining problems and development direction of cold spraying additive manufacturing technology were prospected.