基于主成分分析的云南大米矿质元素品质评价

Comprehensive Evaluation of Mineral Elements of Yunnan Rice Quality Based on Principal Component Analysis

该试验旨在研究云南大米矿质元素含量分布差异,以及矿质元素相关性,并对矿质元素进行综合评价。搜集了云南产区35个大米样本,测定了Ca、Cu、Fe、K、Mn、Mg、Na、P、Zn、Se以及淀粉、水分,采用相关性分析及主成分分析,找出元素间的相关性并进行综合评价。云南大米中大量矿质元素含量呈现出P>K>Mg>Ca的特征,微量矿质元素含量顺序为Zn>Mn>Na>Fe>Cu>Se,矿质元素变异系数较大,变化范围为6.76%~90.20%。相关性分析表明Ca、K、Mg、P、Fe、Mn、Zn之间两两呈极显著正相关(P<0.01), Cu与Zn呈极显著正相关, K与淀粉呈显著负相关。通过主成分分析,这些指标被划分为4个主成分,累积贡献率为80.499%,综合评分前5的分别为德宏州梁河县的红软米、普洱市墨江县紫米、红河州绿春县梯田红米、昆明市嵩明县红米、红河州绿春县梯田红糯米。云南大米矿质元素之间存在差异,并且在矿质元素吸收积累过程中存在协同作用,在有色大米中红米的矿质元素含量更为丰富。

The study aimed to study the differences in the distribution and the correlations of mineral elementsin Yunnan rice,as well as conduct a comprehensive evaluation. A total of 35 rice samples were collected from production areas in Yunnan,then 2 kinds of quality indexes and 10 kinds of mineral elements content were determined, and correlation analysis and principal component analysis were used to find out the correlation of elements and to conduct a comprehensive evaluation.The content of major mineral elements in Yunnan rice showed the characteristics of P>K>Mg>Ca, and the characteristics trace mineral elements were Zn>Mn>Na>Fe>Cu>Se. The coefficient of variation of mineral elements was relatively large, ranging from 6.76% to 90.20%. There was a very significant positive correlation among Ca, Fe, K, Mn, Mg, P, Zn(P<0.01), Cu and Zn was a significant positive correlation, and K with starch was significant negative correlation. According to the principal component analysis, the indexes of rice were divided into four principal components with a cumulative contribution rate of 80.499%. The comprehensive score showed that comprehensive evaluation of the top 5 was red soft rice from Lianghe Countyin Dehong, purple rice from Mojiang CountyinPuer, red rice from Lüchun County inHonghe, red rice from Songming Countyin Kunming, and red rice from Lüchun CountyinHonghe. There were differences among the mineral elements in Yunnan rice, there was a synergistic effect in the process of mineral element absorption and accumulation, and the mineral element content of red rice was more abundant in colored rice.