树干输液配方施肥对薄壳山核桃树体营养及果实品质的影响

Effects of trunk infusion formula fertilization on the quality and nutritional storage of Carya illinoinensis

为合理利用土壤养分、提高产量和改善果品质量,通过不同施肥方式与施肥量的组合试验,探讨了薄壳山核桃生产中施肥方式、施肥量与树体营养、果实品质之间的关系,采用国家标准对薄壳山核桃种仁、青果、叶片和枝条(韧皮部与木质部)的钾、磷和钙等10种矿质元素含量、粗蛋白和可溶性糖含量、出仁率、核果长度、核果横径和果壳厚果实形态指标进行测定,借助主成分分析法(PCA)对不同施肥处理下的薄壳山核桃果实品质进行综合评价,分析不同施肥方式(传统土施和树干输液)和施肥量对成熟期薄壳山核桃树体内部营养贮藏的影响。结果表明:通过PCA分析法构建模型对薄壳山核桃果实进行综合评价,当地传统土壤施肥结合树干输液处理下的薄壳山核桃果实综合品质得分最高,仅传统土施处理次之;传统土施结合树干输液处理使果树韧皮部的Ca和Mg含量显著增加,表明树干输液措施的加入能在传统土施的基础上进一步提升薄壳山核桃果实品质,并且促进树体的养分贮藏与矿质元素的再利用。研究结果对明确薄壳山核桃树体的矿质元素需求动态、吸收能力和养分调控有重要意义,可为提升薄壳山核桃产业发展的科技含量和完善配套栽培技术体系提供科学依据。

In order to reasonably use soil nutrients,improve yield and improve fruit quality,the relationships between fertilizer application method/rate and tree nutrition and fruit quality in pecan production were explored by the combinations of different fertilization methods with different application rates.The national standards were used to determine 10 mineral elements,crude protein and soluble sugar contents,kernel yield,length,transverse diameter and fruit morphological indexes of pecan kernel,green fruit,leaves and shoots(phloem vs xylem).The pecan fruit quality under different fertilization methods was comprehensively evaluated by principal component analysis(PCA).The effects of different fertilization methods(traditional soil application and trunk infusion)and different fertilization rates on the internal nutrient storage of pecan trees at maturity stage were analyzed.The results showed that:The comprehensive pecan fruits evaluation model built with PCA analysis discovered that the highest combined quality scores were obtained under local traditional soil fertilization combined with trunk infusion treatment,followed by traditional soil application treatment.Meanwhile,it was found that traditional soil application combined with trunk infusion treatment significantly increased Ca and Mg contents in fruit tree phloem,indicating that the addition of trunk infusion measures further enhanced pecan fruit quality based on traditional soil fertilization,as well as promoted nutrient storage and mineral element reuse in the tree trunk.These findings are significant for clarifying the mineral element demand dynamics,absorption capacity and nutrient regulation of pecan tree.This study provide a scientific basis to increase the technical content and improve the supporting cultivation technology system for industrial development of pecan.