纳米材料和纳米药物递释系统在抗细菌感染中的应用及机制

Application and mechanism of nanomedicine and nanomaterials in antibacterial infection therapy

细菌感染治疗是全球关注的医学问题,抗菌药物的误用和过度使用,病原体新耐药机制的出现,导致抗菌药物的耐药性问题日益严峻,持续威胁抗感染治疗效果,并增加疾病传播、严重疾病的死亡风险。随着生物材料和纳米技术广泛应用于生物医药,围绕抗细菌感染展开了广泛研究。纳米无机材料特殊的光电磁和高穿透性等物理化学性质可产生天然抗菌作用。纳米药物递送系统可实现药物缓控释,靶向输送从而提高抗菌疗效。本综述对抗菌药物的耐药机制进行阐述,并对围绕纳米材料、纳米药物系统包括脂质体、聚合物纳米粒、树枝状聚合物、仿生纳米载体等开展的抗细菌感染研究进行总结。纳米材料和纳米技术为提高抗细菌感染疗效,并可能克服耐药性的新型制剂的研发提供了有希望的策略。

Antibacterial therapy is a global health issue.The antibiotic resistance is becoming an increasingly serious threat,which caused by misuse and overuse of antibacterial agents combined with the emergence of new resistance mechanism.The resulting infection treatment risk and incidence of the spread of disease,severe cases and deaths are increased in different degrees.With the extensive application of biomaterials and nanotechnology to biomedicine,extensive research has been conducted on antibacterial infection.With the specific physicochemical properties like optical,electric and magnetic and high penetration,inorganic nanomaterials can produce natural antibacterial effect.Nanomedicine can be designed to allow controlled drug release and targeting effect,thus demonstrated better antibacterial efficiency.In this review,the mechanism of antibacterial resistance is described,and the antibacterial infection research on inorganic nanomaterials,as well as nano-drug delivery system including liposomes,nanoparticles,dendrimers and biomimetic nanocarriers are summarized.Nanomaterials and nanotechnology offer promising strategies for the development of new agents that can improve efficacy on antibacterial infections and overcome antibiotic resistance potentially.