辽宁省2018-2020年鼠类种群密度与季节消长监测分析

Rodent density and seasonal fluctuation in Liaoning province, China, 2018-2020

目的 了解2018-2020年辽宁省鼠类密度、种群构成及季节消长情况,为辽宁省制订鼠类防控方案提供科学依据。方法 城镇设置居民区和特殊行业2个类型监测点,农村设置农村自然村1个类型监测点,采用夹夜法进行鼠密度监测。运用SPSS 23.0和Excel 2013软件进行统计分析,采用描述性统计方法分析辽宁省城镇和农村鼠种构成及鼠密度季节消长等。结果 2018-2020年辽宁全省共布放有效夹207 738夹次,捕获鼠类2 237只,平均鼠密度为1.08%,农村鼠密度(1.53%)显著高于城镇鼠密度(0.63%);2018和2019年的总体鼠密度和城镇生境鼠密度均呈单峰曲线,高峰均在7月,农村生境鼠密度和2020年全年鼠密度均呈双峰曲线;褐家鼠为辽宁省优势鼠种。结论 2018-2020年辽宁省鼠密度呈小幅下降趋势,2018、2019年的鼠密度季节消长均呈单峰型曲线,2020年则呈双峰曲线。农村生境鼠密度较高,应重点加强农村地区的鼠类防制。根据鼠类季节消长特点,在鼠密度高峰期之前采取综合性防制措施进行灭鼠,降低鼠密度,达到控制鼠传疾病的目的。

Objective To investigate the density, species composition, and seasonal fluctuation of rodents in Liaoning province, China from 2018 to 2020, and to provide a scientific basis for formulating rodent control strategies. Methods Surveillance points were set in residential regions and special industries for urban areas, and in natural villages for rural areas. Rodent density was monitored using the night trapping method. With SPSS 23.0 and Excel 2013 softwares,descriptive methods were used to analyze the species composition and seasonal variation of rodents in the urban and rural areas of Liaoning province. Results From 2018 to 2020, a total of 207 738 effective rodent traps were set in Liaoning province. A total of 2 237 rodents were captured, with an average rodent density of 1.08%. The rodent density in rural areas(1.53%) was statistically higher than that in urban areas(0.63%). The urban rodent density and overall rodent density in 2018 and 2019 showed a unimodal curve, all peaking in July. The rural rodent density and overall rodent density in 2020showed a bimodal curve. Rattus norvegicus was the dominant rodent species in Liaoning province. Conclusion Rodent density showed a slight downward trend in Liaoning province from 2018 to 2020, with a unimodal pattern in 2018 and 2019 and a bimodal pattern in 2020. There was a relatively high rodent density in rural habitats, where rodent control should be strengthened. Based on the seasonal fluctuation of rodents, comprehensive rodent control measures should be taken before the peak period, to reduce the density of rodents and thereby prevent rodent-borne diseases.