四川省2017-2021年成蚊生态学特征分析

Analysis of adult mosquito bionomic characteristics in Sichuan province, China, 2017-2021

目的 了解四川省2017-2021年蚊虫种群的动态变化情况,为做好蚊类的防制和蚊媒传染病的预测预警提供科学依据。方法 收集整理2017-2021年四川省21个市(州)的成蚊监测数据,采用诱蚊灯法对蚊类开展连续监测,应用Excel 2007和SPSS 25.0软件对监测数据进行统计分析。结果 2017-2021年四川省21个监测点蚊虫平均密度为1.60只/(灯·h),5年中蚊密度基本维持在相近的水平波动;蚊种构成以致倦库蚊、三带喙库蚊和中华按蚊为主,分别占捕蚊总数的35.64%、33.98%和10.78%;各生境中总体蚊密度以牲畜棚最高,达4.51只/(灯·h),医院最低,为0.39只/(灯·h),且农村地区总体蚊密度显著高于城区(Z=-6.523,P<0.001)。全省蚊密度季节消长呈单峰曲线,高峰期集中在6-7月。结论 四川省各监测点蚊密度除2019年稍高以外,总体蚊密度均较低;优势蚊种为致倦库蚊、三带喙库蚊和中华按蚊;农村蚊密度最高,是防制的重点地区;5-9月为主要优势蚊种活动的高峰期,在此时间段内应加强蚊类的综合防制。

Objective To investigate the bionomic characteristics of mosquito populations in Sichuan province, China from 2017 to 2021, and to provide a scientific basis for mosquito control and risk assessment of mosquito-borne diseases.Methods Adult mosquito surveillance data in 21 cities/prefectures of Sichuan province from 2017 to 2021 software were collected. Mosquito surveillance was conducted continuously using the light trap method. Excel 2007 and SPSS 25.0 softwares were used for statistical analysis. Results From 2017 to 2021, the mean mosquito density was 1.60 mosquitoes/lamp·hour at 21 surveillance sites in Sichuan province. The mosquito density generally fluctuated at similar levels in the five years. The dominant mosquito species were Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, and Anopheles sinensis, accounting for 35.64%, 33.98%, and 10.78% of the total catches, respectively. Among all habitats,the overall mosquito density was highest in livestock sheds(4.51 mosquitoes/lamp · hour) and lowest in hospitals(0.39mosquitoes/lamp · hour). The overall mosquito density in rural areas was statistically higher than that in urban areas(Z=-6.523, P<0.001). The seasonal variation curve of mosquito density in Sichuan province showed a single peak, which occurred during June to July. Conclusion The mosquito densities were relatively low at surveillance sites in Sichuan province except for 2019. The dominant mosquito species were Cx. pipiens quinquefasciatus, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, and An. sinensis. The rural areas had the highest mosquito density, which should be the key area for mosquito control. May to September was the peak period of dominant mosquito activities, and comprehensive mosquito control should be strengthened during this period.