青海省东部4县库蠓分布调查

Distribution of Culicoides in four counties of eastern Qinghai province,China

目的调查青海省祁连山国家公园及麦秀自然保护区内互助、门源、祁连和泽库县4地的库蠓种类分布、种类构成,探讨气候因素对上述区域库蠓分布的影响。方法2020年7-8月使用灯诱法在上述4县采集库蠓,分类鉴定后使用SPSS 25.0和GraphPad Prism 8.2.1软件对海拔、气象因子和采集数量进行Pearson相关性检验和作图。结果共采获库蠓8417只,计1属5亚属10种,其中青海省新记录6种,分别为渐灰库蠓、刺螫库蠓、迟缓库蠓、暗端库蠓、圆斑库蠓和淡角库蠓。4个县的优势库蠓均为渐灰库蠓,分别占4个采集点库蠓总数的33.60%、85.85%、97.95%和97.97%。泽库县采获的渐灰库蠓、淡角库蠓和灰黑库蠓吸血率分别为2.23%、1.23%和1.89%。Pearson相关性检验显示,在调查区域内单日库蠓采集量与海拔(R^(2)=0.130,P=0.639)、风速(R^(2)=0.059,P=0.641)无相关性,而与降水量(R^(2)=0.199,P=0.038)、平均温度(R^(2)=0.838,P=0.010)呈负相关。结论青海省东部4个县采获库蠓1属5亚属10种,渐灰库蠓为优势种,该地区库蠓种群数量与降水量、平均温度有相关性。

Objective To investigate the species distribution and species composition of Culicoides in Huzhu,Menyuan,Qilian,and Zeku county in Qilian Mountain National Park and Maixiu Nature Reserve in Qinghai province,China,and to discuss the influence of meteorological factors on the distribution of Culicoides in the above areas.Methods From July to August 2020,Culicoides midges were captured with light traps in the above four counties.After classification and identification,the Pearson correlation test and plotting of relationship between altitude,meteorological factors,and the number of collected Culicoides were performed using SPSS 25.0 and GraphPad Prism 8.2.1 softwares.Results A total of 8417 Culicoides midges were collected,and 10 species from 5 subgenera were identified,including 6 newly recorded species in Qinghai province,namely C.grisescens,C.punctatus,C.segnis,C.nigritus,C.halonostictus,and C.pallidicornis.The dominant species in all four counties was C.grisescens,which accounted for 33.60%,85.85%,97.95%,and 97.97%of the total number of Culicoides midges at the four sampling sites,respectively.The blood sucking rates of C.grisescens,C.pallidicornis,and C.pulicaris were 2.23%,1.23%,and 1.89%in Zeku county,respectively.The Pearson correlation test showed that the single-day number of captures of Culicoides had no correlation with altitude(R^(2)=0.130,P=0.639)and wind speed(R^(2)=0.059,P=0.641),but showed negative correlation with rainfall(R^(2)=0.199,P=0.038)and average temperature(R^(2)=0.838,P=0.010)in the survey area.Conclusion There are 10 species of Culicoides from 5 subgenera captured in the four counties of eastern Qinghai province.C.grisescens is the dominant species.The population density of Culicoides in this area is correlated with the rainfall and average temperature.