中国老年居民业余锻炼行为及影响因素分析

Leisure-time physical activity and influencing factors among Chinese elderly

目的了解我国≥60岁居民经常锻炼情况,并探讨其潜在影响因素。方法2018年中国慢性病及危险因素监测在全国31个省(自治区、直辖市)的298个县(区),采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法抽取≥18岁常住居民194779名,利用包含全球身体活动问卷的调查问卷,采用面对面调查获取调查对象的人口学信息,业余时间中高强度锻炼频率和时间,以及其他慢性病及危险因素相关信息。通过MODIS、OMI、AIRS等卫星遥感数据资料,反演获取2018年298个监测县(区)的每日气温,高德POI数据库获取2017年公园数量。本研究将完成调查且锻炼相关变量、气温和公园信息完整的68379名≥60岁居民作为调查对象,按性别以年龄组、城乡、文化程度、地区等分组计算经常锻炼率和平均每周锻炼时间。采用多因素logistic回归模型,分析经常锻炼率的个体和环境影响因素。结果均进行复杂加权调整。结果2018年我国≥60岁居民经常锻炼率为13.1%(95%CI:12.1%~14.0%),男性[13.6%(95%CI:12.6%~14.7%)]略高于女性[12.5%(95%CI:11.5%~13.5%)];城市[17.5%(95%CI:15.9%~19.1%)]显著高于农村[9.6%(95%CI:8.8%~10.4%)];华东地区[15.1%(95%CI:13.3%~16.9%)]高于其他地区;所在县(区)公园数量≥28个[17.3%(95%CI:15.3%~19.2%)]的老年居民经常锻炼率较高。我国老年居民平均每周锻炼时间为68.3(95%CI:63.5~73.2)min;其中男性[74.3(95%CI:68.1~80.5)min]高于女性[62.5(95%CI:57.8~67.2)min];城市[89.8(95%CI:82.0~97.7)min]高于农村[51.4(95%CI:46.8~56.1)min]。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,居住在农村、文化程度和家庭人均年收入较低、自评健康状况较差,以及居住区域缺少公园与老年居民更低的经常锻炼率相关。结论我国老年居民的经常锻炼率仍处于较低水平,锻炼时间有待提高。应加大“全民健身”宣传力度,关注弱势老年群体,提供更多适宜的活动场所,以促进更多老年居民参与锻炼。

Objective To understand the regular leisure-time physical activity status of residents aged≥60 years in China and to explore the potential influencing factors.Methods National Chronic Disease and Risk Factor Surveillance were conducted in 298 counties(districts)in China in 2018,which covered 31 provinces(autonomous regions,municipalities),using a multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method to select 194779 permanent residents aged≥18 years,using a questionnaire containing the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire.A face-to-face survey to obtain demographic information about the survey respondents,the frequency of moderate and vigorous-intensity leisure-time physical activity in their spare time and time,and other information related to chronic diseases and risk factors.Daily temperatures of 298 monitored counties(districts)in 2018 were obtained by inversion of satellite remote sensing data information such as MODIS,OMI,and AIRS,and the number of parks in 2017 was obtained by me.In this study,68379 residents aged≥60 years who completed the survey and had complete information on leisure-time physical activity-related variables,temperature,and parks were used as survey respondents,and the prevalence of regular leisure-time physical activity and average weekly exercise time was calculated by gender in groups of age,urban and rural areas,education level,and geography.Multi-factor logistic regression models were used to analyze the individual and environmental influences on the regular exercise rate.All the results were weighted according to a complex sampling scheme.Results The prevalence of regular leisure-time physical activity of residents aged≥60 years in China in 2018 was 13.1%(95%CI:12.1%-14.0%).The figures were slightly higher for men[13.6%(95%CI:12.6%-14.7%)]than for women[12.5%(95%CI:11.5%-13.5%)];urban[17.5%(95%CI:15.9%-19.1%)]were significantly higher than those in rural areas[9.6%(95%CI:8.8%-10.4%)];the prevalence of regular leisure-time physical activity in East China[15.1%(95%CI:13.3%-16.9%)]was higher than those in other regions;older residents in counties(districts)with≥28 parks[17.3%(95%CI:15.3%-19.2%)]the highest.The average weekly exercise time of elderly residents in China was 68.3(95%CI:63.5-73.2)minutes;among them,men[74.3(95%CI:68.1-80.5)minutes]was higher than women[62.5(95%CI:57.8-67.2)minutes];urban[89.8(95%CI:82.0-97.7)minutes]were higher than rural[51.4(95%CI:46.8-56.1)minutes].The results of the multi-factorial logistic analysis showed that factors such as:living in rural areas,lower annual household income for literacy,poorer self-rated health status,and lack of parks in the area of residence were associated with a lower prevalence of regular leisure-time physical activity among elderly residents.Conclusions The prevalence of regular leisure-time physical activity among elderly residents in China is still at a low level,and exercise time needs to be improved.We should increase the publicity of"national fitness",pay attention to the disadvantaged elderly groups and provide more suitable activity places to encourage more elderly residents to participate in leisure-time physical activity.