肝脏类器官的研究进展及应用

Advances and applications in liver organoid technology

生物医药研究主要依赖动物模型及人源细胞系,但是这些研究系统往往不能模拟人类个体发育过程、疾病发生机制和药物反应,因此在向临床转化方面遇到极大的困难.类器官是能模拟体内器官结构和功能特征的体外3D细胞簇.本文按照肝脏类器官从简单到复杂的顺序,讨论了成体干细胞来源和多能干细胞分化的多种肝脏类器官模型,同时概括了肝脏类器官在疾病建模、药物反应、毒性测试及再生医学等方面的应用.

Biomedical research highly relies on animal models and human cell lines,but these models poorly recapitulate the human organ development,disease progression and drug response.Thus it is very challenging to translate the basic biomedical research into clinics.Organoids are three-dimensional(3D)mini-organ structures that grow in a 3D matrix and recapitulate the structural and functional aspects of real organs.In this review,we discussed the methods of generating liver organoids from adult stem cells and pluripotent stem cells in the order of complexity of liver organoids,and their applications in disease modeling,drug response,drug toxicity and regenerative medicine.