水稻应用畜禽粪污堆肥替代化肥试验研究

Experimental Study on Replacing Chemical Fertilizer with Livestock and Poultry Manure Compost for Rice Production

为探索畜禽粪污堆肥替代化肥对水稻产量和品质的应用效果,以达到化肥减量、提高地力、提升品质的目标。通过设置水稻应用畜禽粪污堆肥替代氮肥的不同比例处理,分析各处理对水稻产量、土壤养分变化及稻米品质的影响。结果表明:以施用畜禽粪污堆肥37 500 kg·hm^(-2)、60%氮肥的水稻产量最高,达到6 942.0 kg·hm^(-2),较CK1、CK2分别增产47.95%和21.98%;施用畜禽粪污堆肥处理的土壤养分含量变化较大,其中土壤全氮、速效磷、速效磷含量降低,土壤有机质、碱解氮、全磷、全钾含量提高,培肥地力;施用畜禽粪污堆肥处理的稻米直链淀粉含量增加、精米率提高、垩白粒率降低、胶稠度降低,有效提高稻米品质。综合分析,在宁夏石嘴山市大武口区肥力水平中下等低产田施用堆肥15 000 kg·hm^(-2)、80%氮肥处理能达到减施化肥量、提高水稻产量、培肥地力、提升稻米品质的目标,可进一步试验推广。

In order to explore the application effect of livestock and poultry manure compost substituting chemical fertilizer on rice yield and quality, reduce the use of chemical fertilizer and improve soil fertility and quality, different proportion treatments of applying livestock and poultry manure compost instead of nitrogen fertilizer were carried out, and the impacts of each treatment on rice yield, oil nutrient changes and quality were analyzed. The results showed that the application of 37 500 kg·hm^(-2) livestock and poultry manure compost and 60% nitrogen fertilizer could reach the highest rice yield of 6 942.0 kg·hm^(-2), increasing by 47.95% and 21.98% compared to CK1and CK2, respectively. Moreover, the soil nutrient content changed significantly with the application of livestock and poultry manure compost. The content of soil total nitrogen and readily available phosphorus decreased, while the content of soil organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium increased, and the fertility of the cultivated land also increased. After the application of livestock and poultry manure compost, the amylose content of rice increased. The milled rice ratio increased while the chalky kernel ratio and gel consistency decreased, which could effectively enhance the rice quality.Through comprehensive analysis, the application of 15 000 kg·hm^(-2) of livestock and poultry manure compost and 80% nitrogen fertilizer in low-yielding fields with mid-low soil fertility could reduce the use of chemical fertilizer, increase rice yield, improve soil fertility and enhance rice quality, which could be further tested and promoted.