父母教养方式对幼儿焦虑的影响研究:学历水平的调节作用

The Effect of Parenting Style on Preschool-age Children’s Anxiety:The Moderating Effect of Educational Level

以C市4所幼儿园的285名幼儿及其家长为被试,采用幼儿焦虑量表和父母教养方式问卷进行测量,探讨幼儿焦虑的一般规律及父母学历水平在教养方式与幼儿焦虑之间的调节作用.结果显示:分离焦虑、躯体伤害恐惧和广泛性焦虑水平排在前3位,性别差异均不显著,但小班的分离焦虑、躯体伤害恐惧水平显著高于中、大班,而中、大班则无显著差异;小班的广泛性焦虑水平显著高于中班,而小班和大班、中班和大班之间则无显著差异,这表明中班是幼儿焦虑水平发展的分水岭;父母教养方式各维度能够显著正向预测幼儿焦虑水平的发展;父母教养方式与幼儿焦虑之间的相关受到父母学历水平的调节,具体为高学历父母减轻了溺爱型、放任型、专制型及不一致型教养方式对焦虑的正向预测作用,加强了民主型教养方式对焦虑的正向预测作用.建议在教养实践中要关注幼儿焦虑发展的年龄分水岭,采取温暖、有爱的教养方式,鼓励父母提高自身的教育素养和受教育水平.

A total of 285 preschool-age children and their parents from 4 kindergartens in city C were selected as subjects,and the general characteristics of preschool-age children’s anxiety and the moderating effect of educational level on parenting style and preschool-age children’s anxiety were investigated by using the Preschool-age Children’s Anxiety Scale and parenting style questionnaire.The results showed that separation anxiety,fear of physical injury and generalized anxiety ranked the first,second and third,and the gender difference was not significant.The level of generalized anxiety in the bottom class was significantly higher than that in the middle class,but there was no significant difference between the bottom class and the middle class,and between the middle class and the big class,which showed that the middle class is the watershed of preschool-age children’s anxiety level;each dimension of parenting style could significantly and positively predict the development of preschool-age children’s anxiety level;the correlation between parenting style and preschool-age children’s anxiety was moderated by parents’educational level.Specifically,high educational level reduced the positive predictive effect of drowning,indulgent,authoritarian and inconsistent parenting style on anxiety,and strengthened the positive predictive effect of democratic parenting style on anxiety.It is suggested that we should pay attention to the age divide of preschool-age children’s anxiety development,adopt a warm and loving way of upbringing,and encourage parents to improve their educational attainment and their educational level.