氨燃料在商船上的应用分析

Analysis of Ammonia Fuel Applied on Merchant Ships

分析液化天然气(Liquefied Natural Gas, LNG)、甲醇和生物燃料等“低碳燃料”,以及氢、氨等“零碳燃料”的应用现状,总结氨在排放性、经济性、能量密度、储存和运输等方面相对于其他燃料的独特优势。研究氨燃料在氨燃料发动机中的应用方式,提出储运和供应氨燃料时需采取的安全措施,以及采用选择性催化还原(Selective Catalytic Reduction, SCR)技术解决氨燃料排放问题。通过分析可知,氨作为一种新兴的船用燃料,具有明显的应用优势,同时面临着不少挑战,例如,如何使其生产效率的提高和生产规模的拓展跟上需求增长的步伐,如何解决相关法规标准不完善、关键配套设备不成熟的问题,需要国家政策层面的支持和各行业的联合技术攻关。

This paper analyzes the application of low-carbon fuels such as Liquefied Natural Gas(LNG), methanol and biofuels, and the “zero carbon fuels” such as hydrogen and ammonia, where the unique advantages of ammonia over other fuels in terms of emissions, economy, energy density, storage and transportation are specially summarized. It also elaborates the burning mode of ammonia fuel engine and proposes the safety measures for the storage, transportation and supply of ammonia fuel, including using the Selective Catalytic Reduction(SCR) technology to solve the emission problem of ammonia. It is demonstrated in the analysis that ammonia as a new marine fuel has obvious advantages while facing many challenges, including how to raise the production efficiency and scale to meet the demand, how to complete the rules and regulations, and how to improve the immature supporting equipment. All these need the joint efforts of various industries.