功能化离子液体催化CO_(2)转化合成高附加值化学品综述

Catalytic Conversion of CO_(2) into High-Value Chemicals by Using Task-Specific Ionic Liquids

CO_(2)既是造成温室效应的主要气体,也是储量丰富、价廉、低毒且有望成为人类替代石油和天然气作为未来“碳源”的重要资源,CO_(2)的高效、清洁资源化利用已显示出重要的科技与经济价值。鉴于CO_(2)自身的热力学稳定性和动力学惰性,催化剂的设计与开发成为温和条件下CO_(2)高效率、高选择性转化的关键。离子液体作为一类新型的软介质和功能材料,在催化CO_(2)转化领域展现出广阔的应用前景。本工作综述了近五年离子液体在催化CO_(2)转化合成各种高附加值化学品中的应用,阐明了不同阴阳离子结构对CO_(2)活化及转化性能的影响,分析了离子液体介质中CO_(2)与不同底物的反应机理,为新型离子液体在CO_(2)捕集与转化中的应用与发展提供了重要指导。

CO_(2)is not only the main gas causing greenhouse effect, but also an abundant, inexpensive and nontoxic C1 building block. It is expected to become an important resource to replace oil and natural gas as future "carbon source". The efficient and clean utilization of CO_(2)resources has shown important scientific and economic values. However, due to the inherent thermodynamic stability and kinetic inertness of CO_(2), the design and development of catalyst is critical to realize high efficient and selective conversion of CO_(2)under mild conditions. As a new class of soft media and functional materials, ionic liquids exhibit a broad application prospect for the catalytic conversion of CO_(2). In this paper, the applications of ionic liquids in catalytic conversion of CO_(2)to various high-value chemicals were reviewed during the last five years, the influence of different cation/anion structures on the performance of CO_(2)activation and conversion were illustrated, and the possible reaction mechanism of CO_(2)with different substrates in ionic liquids media were analyzed. The review will provide an important guidance for the application of novel ionic liquids in CO_(2)capture and conversion.