基于核酸和蛋白质生物分子阵列传感器的构建及检测应用的研究进展

Research progress in the construction of nucleic acid and protein biomolecular sensor arrays and their applications for rapid detection

阵列传感器是组合多个传感元件,通过交叉反应机理来区分一类目标分析物的策略,不同于传统探针类传感器“锁-钥”结合模式,阵列传感器为非特异性结合,可实现一对多的识别。然而,传感元件的制备仍然存在设计困难、合成复杂、信号转换效率低等诸多挑战。核酸和蛋白具有优良的生物相容性、灵活的可编程性、易实现的功能化和优越的分子识别性质等优点。目前已经通过合理设计和可控化制备手段构建了多种基于核酸和蛋白类传感元件的阵列传感器,结合机器学习算法对所得数据进行处理,使数据可视化,构建待测物“指纹图谱”,对待测物进行区分。在此综述中,重点介绍了基于核酸和蛋白类传感元件构建的阵列传感器的多目标检测应用,并讨论了其合理的应用前景以及挑战。

The advent of sensor arrays is inspired by the superior performance of biological olfactory and taste systems on detection, recognition, tracking, and localization. By simulating the sensing mechanism of cross-response with the olfactory and taste systems, a sensor array can be constructed. Meanwhile, a series of algorithms are used to detect and distinguish targets based on fingerprints generated by the analyte to the array. However, the fabrication of sensing elements still faces many challenges, such as difficult design, complicated synthesis, and low signal collecting efficiency. Nucleic acids and proteins have advantages in biocompatibility, flexible programmability, easy functionalization, and superior molecular recognition properties. At present, a variety of sensor arrays based on nucleic acid and protein sensing elements have been constructed through rational design and controllable preparation methods. In this review, the multi-target detection applications of these sensor arrays are highlighted, and their application prospects and challenges are addressed.