知识与权力:中国儿童福利和儿童保护话语体系研究

Knowledge and Power:A Study on the Discourse System of Child Welfare and Child Protection in China

当前,中国儿童福利和儿童保护的话语体系存在刘继同、尚晓援、彭华民三位不同类型的知识生产中心,其话语特点总体上形成了历史分析、政策分析、理论建构、制度建构、国际经验借鉴、社会工作干预研究等六种范式。从政策话语体系来看,主要是以民政部和国务院妇女儿童工作委员会办公室为中心,多元主体的不同表达形式开始交融吸收,其“适度普惠”的理念显示出从关注孤儿到关注留守儿童、困境儿童的变化,且在儿童保护的政策话语上有所突破。其学术与政策两个话语体系内部和彼此之间,在权力关系下积极进行知识生产,产生了一些“实用主义”和“隐性家庭主义”的取向。是故,推进中国儿童福利和儿童保护话语体系的构建,仍需继续发力。

At present, there are three different types of knowledge production center in the discourses of child welfare and child protection, namely Liu Jitong, Shang Xiaoyuan and Peng Huamin. Overall, the discourse characteristics are generally formed six paradigms of historical analysis, policy analysis, theoretical construction, institutional construction, international experience reference, and social work intervention research. From the perspective of the policy discourse system, it is centered on the Ministry of Civil Affairs and the National Working Committee on Children and Women under State Council, and different expression forms of multiple subjects blend together and reflect each other. Besides, its concept of “moderate inclusive” shows a change from focusing on orphans to left-behind children and children in difficulties, and has made a breakthrough in the policy discourse of child protection.Within and between the two discourse systems of academic and policy, knowledge production is actively carried out under the power, which has produced some orientations of “pragmatism” and “implicit familism”. Therefore, continuous efforts should be made to promote the construction of child welfare and child protection in China.