县域内随迁子女城乡一体化就学机制的实践困境及对策

The practical dilemma and countermeasures of the urban-rural integrated schooling mechanism for children who migrate with children in the county

进城务工人员随迁子女教育问题是推进县域内城乡义务教育一体化发展的重要议题之一。通过选取西部贵州省某市作为案例研究发现:该市大胆破解体制阻力,建立部门联动机制以明确流入地随迁子女数量;建立就学保障机制,简化入学手续并加强学籍管理以确保学龄儿童入学;建立多方整合教育资源机制以改善办学条件;建立“家庭-学校-学生”互动机制以营造良好就学氛围。在实践中随迁子女流动性大、生活教育缺失、教育资源供需失衡、学校师资不足是制约其发展的主要瓶颈。为此,要加强学籍管理,确保人籍一致,籍随人走;加强“学校—家庭—社区”的共育机制;统筹整合市域资源,保障教育需求;优化师资结构,促进城乡一体发展。

The problem of education to children of migrant workers is one of the important issues to promote the integration of urban and rural compulsory education in the county. This research elected one western city of Guizhou Province as the case study, we have found that the city boldly breaks institutional resistance and sets up the mechanism linkage upon departments to clarify the number of schooling children, establishes the schooling mechanism to ensure that school-age children have accesses to attend school, simplifies the admission procedures, strengthens student status management, builds the integration of resources in education to improve the conditions for running school, and establishes interactive mechanism to create productive relationships among families, schools and students for schooling. There are lots of factors to restrict their development in practice, such as the apparent mobility of accompanying children, the lack of children’s daily life education, the imbalance of education resources between supply and demand as well as the lack of faculty are the main bottlenecks. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the school management mechanism to ensure that accompanying children can attend school with floating student status, enhance the connection among schools,families and communities in education system, integrate education resources to meet the needs of education and optimize the structure of teachers to realize the integrating development of urban and rural education.