从个体阐释到系统阐释——比较文学的方法论转向

From Individual Hermeneutics to Systemic Hermeneutics:The Methodological Turn in Comparative Literature

现代自然科学和社会科学中,阐释的焦点开始由个体转向系统。新的视角下,阐释脱离了主体的权能范围而成为系统操作,是实现交流的诸多形式之一。接受了这一转变,就要重新理解比较文学的精神内涵和操作方式:作为全球化文学互动的二阶观察者,比较文学意识到个体和世界都是系统的产物,探索世界关系,首先就要理解事物背后复杂的系统关联。以德国语境中的中国经典塑造为例,个体阐释自始至终受到知识和社会系统的调控。既然主体性从来就和交互主体性、世界相融合,分析跨文化文学现象时,就不能只在一个平面上考虑某一权威主体(译者、作家、批评家)的因素,而必须意识到,整个系统都参与了意义赋予。

In modern science and social science,the focus of hermeneutics has begun to shift from the individual to the systemic.In this new perspective,hermeneutics moves out of the scope of the subject’s power and becomes a systemic operation,one of the many forms of achieving communication.Accepting this shift requires a new understanding of the spiritual content and modus operandi of comparative literature:As a second-order observer of globalized literary interactions,it realizes that both the individual and the world are products of systems,and that exploring world relations requires,first and foremost,understanding the complex systemic connections behind things.