天然草原球囊霉素相关土壤蛋白及其影响因素研究进展

Advances in Glomalin-related Soil Protein and Its Influencing Factors in Natural Grassland

球囊霉素相关土壤蛋白(glomalin-related soil protein,GRSP)是丛枝菌根真菌(arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,AMF)产生的一种含有金属离子的耐热糖蛋白。GRSP对天然草原土壤团聚体的形成与碳固持具有重要作用,能帮助植物缓解土壤重金属离子毒害、抵御病原微生物侵袭与不良环境胁迫。然而,天然草原土壤GRSP含量、分布格局及变化过程尚不明确。结合国内外研究文献,系统回顾土壤GRSP定义、生态学功能及测定方法,介绍降雨、土壤肥力、土壤pH等非生物因子对天然草原土壤GRSP含量及分布特征的影响。结合放牧、刈割等草原管理措施,探究天然草原土壤中总球囊霉素与易提取球囊霉素的含量及分布变化,明确影响草原土壤GRSP含量的主要影响因素。总结当前天然草原GRSP研究的问题及不足,并对未来科学问题进行展望,以期为天然草原土壤保育、草地生态系统适应性管理提供理论参考。

Glomalin-related soil protein(GRSP)is a kind of heat-resistant glycoprotein,which is produced by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF).GRSP have a vital impact on soil aggregate formation and soil carbon fixation in natural grassland ecosystem,and can help plants alleviate heavy metal ion toxicity,resist pathogenic microorganism invasion and adverse environmental stress.However,the content,distribution pattern and change process of GRSP in natural grassland ecosystem,is still unclear.Based on domestic and foreign research literatures,we summarized the definition,ecological functioning and method of GRSP.Furthermore,we reviewed the impacts of AMF type,precipitation,soil fertility and soil pH on GRSP.Moreover,combined with grassland management(grazing and mowing),we explored the change of easily extractable glomalin and total glomalin.Besides,we clarified the main factors of GRSP content in natural grassland ecosystem.Further,we summarized the shortcomings,scientific questions and future directions in current study,and provided theoretical reference for soil conservation and adaptive management in natural grassland ecosystem.