硅磷配施对春玉米抗倒性及产量的影响

Effects of Combined Application of Silicon and Phosphorus on Lodging Resistance and Yield of Spring Maize

为探明最适硅磷配比对春玉米抗倒性及产量的影响,采用裂区试验设计,以磷肥施用量为主因素,硅肥施用量为副因素。结果表明,增施硅肥有助于提高玉米的穗长、穗粗、穗粒数和百粒重,从而提高籽粒产量。增加磷肥用量对穗长和行粒数的增加起到一定的作用,进而提高玉米产量;增施磷肥有增加玉米植株株高、穗位高和重心高的趋势,在A_(1)和A_(2)这2个磷水平下,硅磷配施处理下的平均穗位高和重心高分别较单施磷肥处理降低3.1%和0.6%,较A_(2)B_(0)降低2.0%和0.8%;随着硅肥施用量的增加,吐丝期和灌浆期的2种磷肥水平下各节间的穿刺强度呈先增后降的趋势。在该试验条件下,春玉米嫩单22推荐的高产抗倒磷肥施用量为45 kg/hm^(2),硅肥施用量在90~150 kg/hm^(2)。

In order to find out the effect of the optimum silicon-phosphorus ratio on the lodging resistance and yield of spring maize,this study adopted a split-plot test design,with the application rate of phosphorus fertilizer as the main factor and the application amount of silicon fertilizer as a secondary factor.The results showed that increasing the application of silicon fertilizer could help to increase the ear length,ear diameter,grain number per ear and 100-grain weight of maize,thereby increasing the grain yield.Increasing the amount of phosphate fertilizer had a certain effect on the increase of ear length and row number of grains,thereby improving corn yield;increasing phosphate fertilizer application tends to increase the plant height,ear height and center of gravity height of corn plants.At the horizontal level,the average ear height and center of gravity height under the combined application of silicon and phosphorus decreased by 3.1%and 0.6%,respectively,compared with the single application of phosphorus fertilizer,and increased by 2.0%and 0.8%compared with A_(2)B_(0).The puncture intensity of the lower internodes showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing.Under the conditions of this experiment,the recommended application rate of high-yield and lodging-resistant phosphate fertilizer for spring maize Nendan 22 was 45 kg/hm^(2),and the application rate of silicon fertilizer was 90-150 kg/hm^(2).