转移性肾细胞癌的免疫治疗进展

Progress in immunotherapy of metastatic renal cell carcinoma

肾细胞癌(RCC)是泌尿系统常见的恶性肿瘤之一,而晚期RCC的预后较差。靶向治疗已成为转移性RCC的主要治疗手段,但治疗过程中不可避免出现耐药导致治疗失败。近年来免疫检查点抑制剂的出现,改善了晚期RCC患者的预后,在随机Ⅲ期临床研究中,不论是一线还是二线治疗免疫检查点抑制剂均取得了阳性结果,改变了晚期RCC的治疗格局,但应用免疫治疗仍然面临着一系列的临床问题,如免疫检查点抑制剂的不良反应及耐药,有无可靠的生物标志物指导晚期RCC免疫治疗等。本文就晚期RCC免疫治疗的临床研究进展以及潜在的生物标志物等方面作一综述。

Renal cell carcinoma(RCC)is one of the common malignant tumors in the urinary system,and the prognosis of advanced RCC is poor.Targeted therapy has become the main treatment for metastatic RCC,but drug resistance inevitably leads to treatment failure in the course of treatment.In recent years,the emergence of immunocheckpoint inhibitors has improved the prognosis of patients with advanced RCC.In the randomized phaseⅢclinical study,both first-line and second-line immunocheckpoint inhibitors have achieved positive results,changing the treatment pattern of advanced RCC.However,immunotherapy still faces a series of clinical problems,such as adverse reactions and drug resistance of immunocheckpoint inhibitors,whether there are reliable biomarkers to guide immunotherapy for advanced RCC.This article reviews the clinical research progress and potential biomarkers of immunotherapy for advanced RCC.