北方冬油菜养分积累特点及与产量性状的灰色关联度分析

Grey correlation analysis of nutrient accumulation characteristics and yield traits of winter rapeseed in North China

为促进油菜的北方布局,针对北方寒旱区冬油菜养分吸收与利用等问题,采用12个白菜型冬油菜和甘蓝型冬油菜品系,对不同品系冬油菜的干物质和养分积累量、产量性状进行测定。结果表明,甘蓝型冬油菜产量性状显著优于白菜型冬油菜,甘蓝型冬油菜的株高、分枝高度、主花序角果数、单株角果数、角粒数、千粒重、单株产量和小区产量等8个产量性状分别较白菜型冬油菜高出12.41%、108.11%、56.21%、66.91%、5.71%、70.79%、103.55%、103.87%。甘蓝型冬油菜干物质单株产量平均为67.693 g/株,为白菜型冬油菜的191.612%。白菜型冬油菜单株氮磷含量要高于甘蓝型冬油菜,分别高出2.481%、29.423%;单株钾含量低于甘蓝型冬油菜,低34.826%。由于同一生态区的甘蓝型冬油菜干物质产量大于白菜型冬油菜,所以甘蓝型冬油菜单株氮磷钾积累量较白菜型冬油菜显著高出84.647%、50.000%、158.616%。冬油菜中养分积累总量趋势均呈K>N>P,氮、磷元素主要积累在籽粒中;钾元素主要积累于茎和果壳中。甘蓝型冬油菜每100 kg籽粒需氮6.554 kg、磷0.463 kg、钾14.612 kg;白菜型冬油菜每100kg籽粒需氮7.143 kg、磷0.572 kg、钾10.467 kg;甘蓝型冬油菜较白菜型冬油菜氮磷素利用效率高,且对钾素需求量大。

To improve nutrient utilization of winter rape in cold and arid areas of North China, agronomic traits(dry matter, nutrient accumulation and yield traits) of different winter rape varieties were investigated by using 12cultivars of Brassica rapa L. and B. napus. Results showed that the yield traits of B. napus were significantly better than those of B. rapa. Plant height, branch height, siliques on main inflorescence, siliques per plant, seeds per silique, 1000-grain weight, plant yield and plot yield of B. napus were 12.41%, 108.11%, 56.21%, 66.91%, 5.71%,70.79%, 103.55% and 103.87% higher than those of B. rapa, respectively. The average dry matter yield per plant of B. napus was 67.693 g, which was 191.613% of B. rapa. The nitrogen and phosphorus content per plant of B. rapa were 2.481% and 29.423% higher than B. napus. But the potassium content per plant of B. rapa was 34.826% lower. Because the higher dry matter yield of B. napus in the same ecological area, the accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in B. napus was significantly higher than that of B. rapa(N 84.647%, P 50.000%, and K 158.616%). The trend of total nutrient accumulation in winter type rapeseed was K > N > P, and N and P were mainly accumulated in grains;K was mainly accumulated in stems and silique shell. For every 100 kg grain,B. napus needs 6.554 kg N, 0.463 kg P and 14.612 kg K;whilst B. rapa needs 7.143 kg N, 0.572 kg P and 10.467kg K. The utilization efficiency of N and P in B. napus was higher than in B. rapa, and demand for K was larger.